蛭石尾砂在燃煤固硫除尘中的利用

在对新疆且干布拉克蛭石矿尾矿进行矿物学研究的基础上，进行了高温膨胀实验、结果表明，蛭石尾砂的膨胀倍数因粒度的增大、时间的延长而提高，较为理想的膨胀温度在950～1050℃之间，利用碳酸钙为固硫剂、膨胀土为粘结剂，蛭石尾矿为膨胀添加剂对肥城烟煤进行高温燃煤固硫实验。结果表明，蛭石尾砂能较大幅度地提高肥城烟煤的固硫率，经XRD、SEM和EDX等分析表明，燃煤灰渣的主要固硫物相为硫酸钙，且因燃烧条件、添加剂和燃煤种类的差异而以不同的形态存在。蛭石尾砂对燃煤固硫促进机理可解释为营造型煤内部氧化气氛，抑制新物相硫酸钙的分解。     

塔里木盆地浮尘时空分布及对环境影响的研究

根据塔里木盆地周边22个气象台站30a浮尘日数资料和塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地4个短期定位站实测浮尘日数资料,综合分析了盆地与沙漠浮尘的时空分布特征,结果表明:①塔里木盆地浮尘年平均日数在40d以上,塔克拉玛干沙漠浮尘年平均达80d以上,居中国各地之首,其中和田年平均浮尘日数达232d,1985年记录极值304d;②盆地浮尘集中于春夏季节出现,平均可占全年的72.6%;③80年代以来盆地除和田、喀什、轮台呈增多趋势外,普遍呈减少趋势。文中还探讨了盆地浮尘形成的原因,阐述了浮尘对盆地环境和人类的影响,并对浮尘灾害防御提出了建议措施。     

地电观测系统的维护保养及故障的判断与排除

叙述了地电观测系统、外线路的维护、仪器故障的判断与排除,以及辅助设备的维护与保养,以此来提高观测资料的质量。     

形变数字化仪器故障分析

通过对山东省形变仪器故障的总结和分析,提供了形变仪器故障排除的经验,为台站运行维护提供参考。     

东昆仑山玉珠峰冰川雪坑中痕量元素的组成特征

为了认识玉珠峰冰川区域大气中痕量元素的组成和来源,利用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对2009年10月采自玉珠峰冰川海拔5800m的一个75cm雪坑中15种可溶性痕量元素（A1、Fe、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Li、Ni、Zn、Pb、Sb、Sr、U和V）的浓度进行了测试．结果表明：痕量元素的浓度变化很大,从最小值1．...     

Mountain pastures, environmental degradation, and landscape remediation: The example of a Mediterranean policy initiative

Since the 1950s the Spanish Mediterranean mountains have undergone a process of population decline, abandonment of land by farmers, and a reduction in livestock pressure. These changes have involved pasture loss as a result of the spread of scrub and an increase in the incidence of fires. To avoid these negative outcomes the regional administration of La Rioja (Spain) has implemented scrub clearance programs. Between 1986 and 2005 a total of 23,668 ha were cleared, particularly on abandoned fields where the processes of vegetation succession had led to the dominance of Genista scorpius and Cistus laurifolius. Pasture regeneration as a result of scrub clearing of areas dominated by G. scorpius has resulted in a productivity rise from 6666 to 12,983 Mj/ha/year, whereas productivity of areas dominated by C. laurifolius has risen from 2435 to 9741 Mj/ha/year. The clearing of scrub needs to be recognized as a significant factor contributing to the control of fire. Scrub clearing has had positive results in La Rioja, leading to a reduced incidence of fires in recent years. Between 1996 and 2005 only 155 ha/year was burnt, compared with 1541 ha/year over the period from 1976 to 1985. Scrub clearing appears to be an appropriate means of management in marginal mountainous areas without the need for large investments of time and money.     

矿物粉尘溶解行为的电镜研究及其生物化学意义

本文对用Ｇａｎｂｌｅ溶液、有机酸及无机强酸溶解后的矿物粉尘残余物进行了扫描电子显微镜分析。结果表明,矿物纤维粉尘纤维变短、长径比减小、柔性减弱、端部变圆,部分溶解成串珠状;粗大颗粒松散塌陷,表面粗糙度增加;片状粉为碎变细;硅酸盐矿物粉尘具有向以ＳｉＯ２为主要成分的纳米级近球形颗粒转化的趋势。故提出在纳米级别上研究粉尘致病机理是非常有价值的。     

松嫩平原西部碱尘气溶胶的元素特征分析

碱尘暴期间松嫩平原西部碱尘气溶胶的主要元素质量浓度排序为Na、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、K、Ti、Ba、Zn,与当地盐碱化土壤的元素组成吻合,而与沙尘、城市气溶胶的元素组成有差别。风力对碱尘气溶胶元素组成有明显的影响,当风速在8.0~17.1 m/s时,元素组成的质量浓度排序为Na、Ca、Al、Fe、Mg、K、Ba、Ti、Zn。Na元素质量浓度的激增是碱尘暴元素组分的一大特征,明显富集元素为Na和B;相对于当地背景大气气溶胶的富集情况,Zn、Cu、Ba、B的富集因子值在碱尘暴期间明显降低;在各种天气情况下,B、Cu均具有较高的富集因子。碱尘中Ti元素的富集因子值均小于1,而Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Sr、V的富集因子值为1~4。两个采样点的Ca、Na、Al、Fe、Mg、Ti、Zn的富集因子近似,表明该区碱尘的主要元素具有特定的一致性;而B、Ba、Cu、V的富集因子相差较大,可以作为区分不同碱尘源的标志性元素。     

Analysis of land degradation processes on a tiger bush plateau in South West Niger using MODIS and LANDSAT TM/ETM+ data

Remote sensing digital image analysis has been applied to monitor land clearing and degradation processes on a plateau covered by tiger bush near Niamey in South West Niger, where signs of severe landscape degradation due to fuelwood supply have been observed in the last decades. A MODIS NDVI dataset (2000–2015) and five LANDSAT images (1986–2012) were used to identify spatial and temporal dynamics and to emphasize areas of greater degradation. The study indicates that the land clearing found by previous investigations in the second part of the 20^th century is still ongoing, with a decreasing trend of MODIS NDVI values recorded in the period 2000–2015. This trend appeared to be linked to an increase in bare soil areas that was demonstrated by analysis of LANDSAT SAVI images. The investigation also indicated that rates of degradation are stronger in more deteriorated areas like those located nearer Niamey; degradation patterns also tend to increase from the inner areas to the edges of the plateau. These results attest to the urgency to develop effective environmental preservation policies and find alternative solutions for domestic energy supply.     

涞源龙门金多金属矿普查绿色勘查实践

河北省涞源县龙门金多金属矿普查工作,贯彻绿色勘查理念,对槽探工程、老硐清理、钻探工程按《绿色勘查指南》进行了专项设计并付诸实施。槽探工程施工挖掘的腐植土和碎石就近分开堆放并遮盖,待项目验收合格后,回填腐植土和碎石,最后平整并绿化;老硐清理出的碎石选择离硐口较近的相对平坦的地方堆放,并做好防护工作,最后覆土绿化;钻进工程采用清水和环保泥浆做冲洗液,金刚石单管和绳索取心钻进,提高了效率,减少了对地质环境的影响。机台建设占地少,施工过程中避免油污等的外溢,项目竣工验收后地貌恢复采用植草、自然恢复等绿化方法。绿色勘查充分贯彻了绿水青山就是金山银山的绿色发展理念。