An Experimental Study of Several Special Issues Regarding the Ice Force on Conical Structures

The effect of the cone spacing of a conieal structure on the ice force is studied by model experiments. The ice force reduction coefficient presented in this paper expresses the relationship between the ice force and the arrangement of cones. The experiments prove that the mode of the ice failure before the boundary of upward-downward bending cone (UDBC) is crushing. A conclusion can also be drawn from the experiments that the ice force on the boundary of UDBC is by far less than that on a vertical pile with the same diameter. Moreover, the ice force frequencies on upright and inve-rted cones are obtained under the field condition of the platform JZ20-2, respectively. The results show that the alterna-tion of the ice force on UDBC can hardly induce resonance of platform JZ20-2.     

分潮波模型多资料数值计算方法研究 Ⅰ.岸边资料运动学外推的第一边值方法

对于含多资料三维分潮波模型建立了一种岸边资料运动学外推的潮波第一边值方法，并对渤海的四大原湖波进行试算。结果证实本方法可行，该方法使潮波方程既满足第一边值问题，充分利用岸边测站资料，又保证岸界法向流速为零条件，符合物理意义。并对复型病态矩阵的收敛问题提出了一种可行性处理。     

肋柱式锚杆支挡结构的徐变次内力分析

采用老化徐变理论和等效弹性模量法,对肋柱式锚杆支挡结构的徐变影响提出了具体计算方法,并通过实例计算了支挡结构的徐变次内力。计算结果表明,在逆作法条件下,随着开挖深度的加大,岩土侧向压力也增大,使后期施工的混凝土构件产生的徐变次内力也随之增大;考虑徐变后使结构设计更加安全可靠,尤其坡脚处后期浇筑的混凝土构件,更要关注徐变的影响。     

自重湿陷性黄土地区桩基设计探讨

根据自重湿陷性黄土的特点、《湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范》（GB50025—2004）和《建筑桩基技术规范》（JGJ94—94）中关于桩基设计的对比分析，通过自重湿陷性黄土场地工程实例分析计算，依据负摩擦产生的机理——中性点理论，论述了自重湿陷性黄土场地中桩基设计应考虑中性点，而不应全部计入负摩阻的观点。     

济阳坳陷古潜山地震采集技术研究

济阳坳陷碳酸盐岩古潜山以前地震资料存在信噪比低、速度陷阱、分辨率低、施工过程中缺炮、空道、内幕反射品质差或无反射等问题。造成上述问题除了野外施工工艺、室内处理流程和参数的影响外,在采集参数方面主要影响因素有覆盖次数低、炮检距与方位角不均匀、面元太大等。针对济阳坳陷古潜山三维地震资料采集应以目标设计为指导思想,以基于模型分析的三维采集参数论证为主线,最终优化各种采集参数。建立了拱张褶皱型、断裂块断型和风化残丘型三个具有代表性的古潜山地质理论模型。使用先进的“绿山”地震采集观测系统设计软件,采用“块”来描述任意复杂地质模型结构,分别设计出各自的地震采集观测系统。以林樊家潜山为例,采用12线18炮束状新观测系统模拟单炮发射接收,对各主要目的层能追踪的地层信息比原始6线9炮束状观测系统采集的地震信息丰富,能准确反映地下构造形态与地质体的物理属性。     

Optimal Model for Geoid Determination from Airborne Gravity

Two different approaches for transformation of airborne gravity disturbances, derived from gravity observations at low-elevation flying platforms, into geoidal undulations are formulated, tested and discussed in this contribution. Their mathematical models are based on Green's integral equations. They are in these two approaches defined at two different levels and also applied in a mutually reversed order. While one of these approaches corresponds to the classical method commonly applied in processing of ground gravity data, the other approach represents a new method for processing of gravity data in geoid determination that is unique to airborne gravimetry. Although theoretically equivalent in the continuous sense, both approaches are tested numerically for possible numerical advantages, especially due to the inverse of discretized Fredholm's integral equation of the first kind applied on different data. High-frequency synthetic gravity data burdened by the 2-mGal random noise, that are expected from current airborne gravity systems, are used for numerical testing. The results show that both approaches can deliver for the given data a comparable cm-level accuracy of the geoidal undulations. The new approach has, however, significantly higher computational efficiency. It would be thus recommended for real life geoid computations. Additional errors related to regularization of gravity data and the geoid, and to accuracy of the reference field, that would further deteriorate the quality of estimated geoidal undulations, are not considered in this study.     

变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移

针对常规Born近似傅氏偏移方法对于剧烈横向变速介质不能精确成像的状况而提出了变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移，理论上解决了任意速度变化地质模型的偏移成像问题。此外，为进一步提高复杂地层的成像精度和波场延拓算子的稳定性，对散射波场的计算公式作了改进。将改进的方法运用于盐丘模型的正演和偏移试验，并与常规Born近似偏移方法相比较，可明显看出变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移方法在效果上要优于后者，其处理速度横向变化的能力大大增强。     

Grade estimation using fuzzy- set algorithms

This paper presents a new approach for estimating unknown ore grades within a mining deposit in a fuzzy environment using fuzzy c- means clustering and a fuzzy inference system. Based on a collection of cluster centers obtained from fuzzy c- means, a fuzzy rule base and fuzzy search domains are established to compute grades at these cluster centers. These cluter center- grade pairs act as control information in the fuzzy space- grade system in order to infer unknown grades on the basis of fuzzy interpolation, fuzzy extrapolation, and a defuzzification process of fuzzy control.     

一种基于二次灰关联分析的数列预测法

数列预测一直是评价决策中最常见而又信于把握的问题之一。本文在总结现有预测方法的基础上，结合前铛预报思想和灰色预测理论，依据数据求同原则，提出了运用二次灰关联分析，建立组合模型的预测方法，该方法易于计算机实现，并已实际应用于油气储量预测研究中。