On the Importance of Geolithological Features for the Estimate of the Site Response: The Case of Catania Metropolitan Area (Italy)

The evaluation of seismic site response in the urban area of Catania was tackled by selecting test areas having peculiar lithological and structural features, potentially favourable to large local amplifications of ground motion. The two selected areas are located in the historical downtown and in the northern part of Catania where the presence of a fault is evident. Site response was evaluated using spectral ratio technique taking the horizontal- to-vertical component ratio of ambient noise. Inferences from microtremor measurements are compared with results from synthetic accelerograms and response spectra computed at all drillings available for this area. Such method is particularly suitable in urban areas where the nature of the outcropping geological units is masked by city growth and anthropic intervention on the surface geology. The microtremor H/V spectral ratios evaluated at soft sites located within the downtown profile tend to be smaller than that usually reported in the literature for such soils. A tendency for amplifications to peaks near 2 Hz is observed only in some sites located on recent alluvial deposits. Evidences for amplifications of site effects (frequency range 4–8 Hz) were observed in the sampling sites located on the fault, with a rapid decrease of spectral amplitude just a few tenths of metres away from the discontinuity. Numerical simulations evidenced the importance of geolithological features at depth levels even greater than 20–30 m. Besides this, the results strongly confirm the importance of the subsurface geological conditions, in the estimate of seismic hazard at urban scale.     

基于ARMA模型的广元市中区经济增长预测分析

利用广元市市中区1978年到2004年GDP数据,构建了广元市市中区时间序列趋势的ARMA模型.在此基础上,对广元市市中区2006年到2010年未来5年内的GDP进行了预测,并针对该区"十一五"规划的各项目标任务提出了一些对策建议,为广元市市中区未来的发展提供参考依据.     

玉溪市中心城区建设用地集约利用空间差异研究

为科学地分析城市土地集约利用在空间上的分布规律及趋势,以玉溪市中心城区为研究区域,在玉溪市中心城区建设用地集约利用评价的基础上,通过空间相关分析的方法揭示了中心城区建设用地集约度的空间分布特征。结果表明:玉溪市中心城区集约利用度呈现出由城市中心逐渐向外递减的趋势,土地集约利用水平在一定程度上存在集聚效应;从全域空间分析看,各功能区土地利用集约度空间分布在整体上具有较好的正相关性,居住功能区相关性最强,其他功能区最弱;从局部空间的角度来看,集约度的分布既存在空间聚集性又存在空间异质性。     

Spatial dynamics of retail structure and the venerable retail hierarchy

The retail system is continuously adapting itself to changing demographic conditions, consumer behavior and economic conditions. Existing retail units, getting larger in order to achieve economics of scale, and new forms of large-scale retailing do not fit easily in the traditional spatial pattern of retail concentrations. Neverteless the spatial distribution of retailing in urban areas, as schematized by Berry thirty-five years ago, still has its value. Through an upward hierarchical movement the retail system has adapted itself to an inflexible spatial system, in which downtown has still a dominant position. Future developments, however, may weaken the position of central shopping areas in favour of peripheral locations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

北川县城汶川地震震害特征及其成因探讨

根据笔者在汶川大地震板震区北川县城现场考察的第一手资料,分析了2008年5月12日汶川8．0级大地震后北川县城的震害特征,论述了北川县城地震后建筑物、生命线工程的破坏以及次生地质灾害;并对造成各类震害的原因进行了初步的探讨。最后,在总结震害特征及其成因的基础上,提出了当前应加强研究的相关课题,旨在为今后的工程抗震设防和研究提供参考。     

徐州市市区岩土体工程地质特征研究

徐州市区岩体可分碎屑岩(碎屑硬质岩、碎屑软质岩)及碳酸盐岩(碳酸盐岩碎屑岩硬质与软质岩互层、碳酸盐岩硬质岩)。土体可分为砂土类、粉土类和粘性土(新粘性土、老粘性土)。根据各类土体物理力学性质的分析可知,基岩和老粘土一般可作为高层建筑持力层。一般砂土、粉粘土、粉土等可作一般建筑物地基。对易液化的砂性土、淤泥质软土则需做一定的地基处理。     

基于TM影像的哈尔滨市主城区绿地降温作用研究

选取2001年、2005年、2013年和2015年的4期同季TM影像为数据源,利用单窗算法反演哈尔滨市主城区地表温度,以SPOT影像为数据源提取30块城市绿地斑块,将地温空间格局与城市绿地斑块进行空间耦合分析,以揭示绿地对城市热岛地温格局的干扰影响。结果表明：从空间上看,哈尔滨市主城区热岛效应显著,主城区分布着大面积高温区和次高温区,极高温区则呈点状、面状或带状孤岛型分布特点;从动态上看,城市热岛的空间格局呈现从城市中心的老城区逐渐向外围新开发建设区域扩展的特点。绿地斑块内部平均温度除与自身特征有关外,还与其空间布局和周边景观格局相关。绿地斑块降温程度和降温范围与绿地斑块面积呈正相关关系,与绿地斑块形状指数呈负相关关系,绿地降温范围与绿地斑块周长呈正相关关系。当绿地斑块面积为0.055 km²时,绿地斑块对周边温度的降温效率较好,当绿地斑块面积在0.070 km²时,绿地斑块对周边降温的面积效率较好。     

张掖城市主要功能用地演变特征及其动因分析

研究城市功能用地演替可以揭示出新时期中国城市功能空间演化的特征、趋势与形成机制,为城市管理提供理论依据。本文以张掖中心城区为研究范围,运用GIS工具及方法,定量分析了张掖市1981年以来居住用地、工业用地、公共服务用地三大功能用地的空间演变特征及其动因,进而绿洲城市空间的可持续发展提供指导。研究发现：张掖城市居住用地和公共服务用地呈逐步增加趋势,空间上呈“内聚→外散”的演变趋势,两者均由老城区向四周扩散,而工业用地先增加后减少,空间上呈“混杂→集中”的转变特征,整体上集中于东北部产业园区内。张掖城市功能用地演变是人口经济驱动、宏观政策调控、城市开发与生态环境博弈、交通线路牵引、城市规划引导等共同作用的结果。     

Correlations between zooplankton assemblages and environmental factors in the downtown rivers of Shanghai,China

Most urban rivers play an important role in urban flood control and drainage in China, but pollution is fast becoming an issue of greater importance in water management. In this study, 63 zooplankton species were recorded in four downtown rivers in Shanghai between November 2007 and October 2008. Of these, 44 species belonged to the Rotifera, 13 to Cladocera, and six to Copepoda. The three most frequently occurring zooplankton （Brachionus calyciflorus, Microcyclops Ieuckarti, and Asplanchna priodonta） accounted for 80.00%, 76.84%, and 53.68%, respectively. Rotifera were found to be dominant, comprising 86.26% of total zooplankton, while cladoceran and copepod abundance amounted to 5.08% and 8.67%, respectively. Water temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, and total nitrogen were of the greatest significance in the occurrence of zooplankton. Two species （Schmackeria forbesi and Lepadella ovalis） were notably more sensitive to environmental factors such as salinity and electrical conductivity than other species. The population size and community were inversely correlated with the increasing nutrient levels of the four rivers, suggesting that the water quality of the four rivers had been gradually recovering from a severe eutrophic state and that water conditions of the rivers had been gradually improved.     

江苏沭阳主城区地质环境质量评价

选取地质条件、人类工程活动、环境地质问题等3 个评价要素和相应的10 个评价因子,建立了沭阳主城区地质环境质量评价体系。利用层次分析法确定了地质环境评价因子的权重,根据模糊数学基本原理确定各评价因子的隶属函数,计算出隶属度,从而建立模糊评价模型,定性与定量相结合对沭阳主城区地质环境质量现状进行了综合评判,将沭阳主城区地质环境质量划分为良好( Ⅱ) 、中等( Ⅲ) 以及差( Ⅳ) 三个区域,评价结果与研究区地质环境现状调查情况基本一致。