A two‐dimensional coupled hydromechanical discontinuum model for simulating rock hydraulic fracturing

Within the framework of our discontinuous deformation analysis for rock failure algorithm, this paper presents a two‐dimensional coupled hydromechanical discontinuum model for simulating the rock hydraulic fracturing process. In the proposed approach, based on the generated joint network, the calculation of fluid mechanics is performed first to obtain the seepage pressure near the tips of existing cracks, and then the fluid pressure is treated as linearly distributed loads on corresponding block boundaries. The contribution of the hydraulic pressure to the initiation/propagation of the cracks is considered by adding the components of these blocks into the force matrix of the global equilibrium equation. Finally, failure criteria are applied at the crack tips to determine the occurrence of cracking events. Several verification examples are simulated, and the results show that this newly proposed numerical model can simulate the hydraulic fracturing process correctly and effectively. Although the numerical and experimental verifications focus on one unique preexisting crack, because of the capability of discontinuous deformation analysis in simulating block‐like structures, the proposed approach is capable of modeling rock hydraulic fracturing processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

贯入角度对截齿破岩性能与几何排布的影响研究

截齿贯入角度是双轮铣槽机布齿系统设计中的关键因素之一。基于连续−非连续单元法（CDEM）,建立截齿不同角度冲击贯入破岩的数值模型,通过断裂能本构模型实现岩体弹性−损伤−断裂的破裂过程,开展截齿有效角度50º～90º区间内的9组冲击贯入破岩模拟,研究贯入角度对截齿破岩性能的影响规律,讨论贯入角度对截齿几何排布的影响,总结布齿系统的截齿几何排布规律。结果表明,当贯入角度从90º降低到50º时,岩体由张拉−拉剪破裂向剪切−拉剪破裂转变,截齿平均贯入力与破碎程度提高,截齿的跃进式侵入特性的显著性减低;贯入角度为75º～90º的第I类截齿与小于55º的第III类截齿在破岩中起辅助作用,贯入角度为55º～75º的第II类截齿可在岩体内部产生范围较大的水平非贯通裂隙,在布齿系统破碎岩体过程中发挥主要作用;2个第II类截齿先后贯入岩体可较好地破碎截线间的岩体,可构成一类基本破岩单元,多个基本破岩单元按照正弦线形式排布,由此形成了一种布齿系统设计方法。研究成果为完善双轮铣槽机布齿系统设计方法,打破国外在双轮铣槽机布齿系统设计方法上的技术壁垒提供了理论基础。     

Numerical modeling to investigate slopes and mass flow phenomena

An overview is given about up-to-date techniques for slope stability and deformation analysis as well as mass flow phenomena simulation. The paper concentrates on a few aspects in respect to the use of numerical modeling techniques, especially in relation to the shear strength reduction techniques, discontinuum modeling, probabilistic concepts, the combination of GIS and numerical modeling as well as sophisticated hydro-mechanical coupling with time-dependent material behavior. At present these topics are preferred topics of scientific and technical research.     

Analysis of single rock blocks for general failure modes under conservative and non‐conservative forces

After describing the kinematics of a generic rigid block subjected to large rotations and displacements, the Udwadia's General Principle of Mechanics is applied to the dynamics of a rigid block with frictional constraints to show that the reaction forces and moments are indeterminate. Thus, the paper presents an incremental‐iterative algorithm for analysing general failure modes of rock blocks subject to generic forces, including non‐conservative forces such as water forces. Consistent stiffness matrices have been developed that fully exploit the quadratic convergence of the adopted Newton–Raphson iterative scheme. The algorithm takes into account large block displacements and rotations, which together with non‐conservative forces make the stiffness matrix non‐symmetric. Also included in the algorithm are in situ stress and fracture dilatancy, which introduces non‐symmetric rank‐one modifications to the stiffness matrix. Progressive failure is captured by the algorithm, which has proven capable of detecting numerically challenging failure modes, such as rotations about only one point. Failure modes may originate from a limit point or from dynamic instability (divergence or flutter); equilibrium paths emanating from bifurcation points are followed by the algorithm. The algorithm identifies both static and dynamic failure modes. The calculation of the factor of safety comes with no overhead. Examples show the equilibrium path of a rock block that undergoes slumping failure must first pass through a bifurcation point, unless the block is laterally constrained. Rock blocks subjected to water forces (or other non‐conservative forces) may undergo flutter failure before reaching a limit point. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical modeling to investigate slopes and mass flow phenomena

An overview is given about up-to-date techniques for slope stability and deformation analysis as well as mass flow phenomena simulation.The paper concentrates on a few aspects in respect to the use of numerical modeling techniques,especially in relation to the shear strength reduction techniques,discontinuum modeling,probabilistic concepts,the combination of GIS and numerical modeling as well as sophisticated hydro-mechanical coupling with time-dependent material behavior.At present these topics are preferred topics of scientific and technical research.