深度卷积神经网络支持下的遥感影像飞机检测

针对YOLOv3算法对小目标检测较差及出现较多漏检的问题,本文提出了一种优化的YOLOv3算法.首先使用K-means算法计算出与数据集相适用的锚框;其次将扩张卷积引入到YOLOv3网络,用来增强网络高层的感受野,改善小目标的检测效果;然后使用深度可分离卷积取代YOLOv3网络残差模块中的普通卷积,可减少计算量,从而得到一种新型卷积神经网络结构;最后在数据集上进行对比试验.结果表明,优化的YOLOv3算法能够检测出更多目标,降低漏检率,相比于YOLOv3算法,其召回率提高11.86%,F1-score提高2.99%.     

一种面向地理信息系统的空间索引方法

空间检索技术是有交地管理和操纵空间数据的一种必要手段，本文分析了目前常用的空间检索方法在地理信息系统应用上的局限性，指出了一种基于凸多边形的空间索引技术，本文首衔介绍了目前常用的几类空间索引技术及其特点，接着讨论卫面向地理信息的空间索引技术面临的基本问题，提出了基于凸多边形的空间索引结构－CP－树，并侧重分析了其空间运算算法及时空效率，最后指出了空间索引技术所存在的问题及下一步的研究方向。     

Discrete element modeling of dynamic behaviors of railway ballast under cyclic loading with dilated polyhedra

The dynamic behaviors of railway ballast under cyclic loading are simulated with discrete element method (DEM). Dilated polyhedra are constructed based on the Minkowski sum operator in order to resemble the irregular shapes of ballast particles. The polyhedral particle generation, contact detection between particles and contact laws are presented. Ballast box tests with periodic lateral boundaries are conducted to simulate the dynamics of the sleeper and ballast particles. The settlement and effective stiffness of ballast bed are investigated under cyclic loadings with five distinct frequencies. The settlement of ballast bed is significant in the first several cycles and increases with the number of cycles gradually. The higher frequency loading generates larger displacement in the same simulation time. The effective stiffness of ballast bed increases gradually. To study the effect of particles' sharpness, dilated polyhedra with different dilating radii and spherical particles are also developed. Simulation results show the sharper the ballast particles are, the smaller the produced settlement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多钙钾石膏（Gorgeyite）晶体结构的精确修正

本文利用直接法和富利叶合成侧定了产于我国四川省三叠系蒸发岩里的多钙钾石膏 的晶体结构，结构参数经最小二乘法修正后，,R = 0.084。结构分析表明，多钙钾石膏属单斜晶系，空间群C2/c, a = 17.462 (8)A，b=6.828(2)A，c=18.219(9)A，β=113.45(4)º。，V=1992(1)A3, Z=4, Dm=2,91, Dx=2.90(3)。三个硫酸根四面体各自的平均S-O键长为1,467、 1.464 和1.478A。有三套Ca原子，其中Ca1在二次对称轴上。Ca原子的配位数为9，各自的平均Ca-O键 长为2.516、 2,515和2.459A。K原子的配位数为8。首次测定了矿一物中氢原子的位置，证实矿物含1个结晶水，而不是含1.5个结晶水。晶体化学式为K2Ca5 (SO4)6.H2O。     

膨胀卷积与金字塔表达的深度学习模型用于农村建筑物提取

由于农村建筑物结构多样、空间分布复杂等特征,自动提取面临较多困难。针对该问题,本文提出采用膨胀卷积和金字塔池化表达的神经网络模型用于遥感影像中农村建筑物自动提取。在膨胀卷积神经网络模块中,通过改变孔尺寸的大小,获取不同感受野的特征信息;在金字塔表达方面,每个模块输入不同尺度的信息,且同时下采样的倍率也不同,获取多维的金字塔尺度特征;最终将提取的浅层及深层尺度特征信息进行融合,构建一个改进的适用于农村建筑物目标自动提取的深度学习模型。试验结果表明,与FCN-8s和DeepLab模型提取的结果相比,本文方法在农村建筑物提取中表现较好的性能,提取精度明显提高,且更好保留了目标边界细节信息,减少了噪声。     

热处理对铁-镁电气石中固有电偶极矩的影响

对产自云南的电气石进行48 h和72 h热处理,然后在室温和液氮温度下对热处理前后的电气石进行X射线单晶结构分析,计算了电气石在48 h和72 h热处理前后X、Y、Z、T和B多面体的固有电偶极矩和单位晶胞的总固有电偶极矩,分析了铁的价态和热处理时间对多面体固有电偶极矩的影响。结果表明,随热处理时间的增加,样品中的Fe2+氧化为Fe3+;室温下,电气石的固有电偶极矩由未经热处理的5.12×10-29 C.m提高到热处理48 h的5.20×10-29 C.m和热处理72 h的5.39×10-29 C.m,液氮温度下,其固有电偶极矩由未经热处理的4.79×10-29 C.m下降到热处理48 h的4.68×10-29 C.m和热处理72 h的4.42×10-29 C.m;热处理电气石样品的固有电偶极矩随着环境温度的降低而减小,并在相同的温度间隔(室温到-100℃)内,固有电偶极矩的改变量随着热处理时间的延长而增大,因此热处理可以提高电气石的热释电性。     

Modeling calving process of glacier with dilated polyhedral discrete element method

Mass loss caused by glacier calving is one of the direct contributors to global sea level rise. Reliable calving laws are required for accurate modelling of ice sheet mass balance. Both continuous and discontinuous methods have been used for glacial calving simulations. In this study, the discrete element method(DEM) based on dilated polyhedral elements is introduced to simulate the calving process of a tidewater glacier. Dilated polyhedrons can be obtained from the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a core polyhedron. These elements can be utilized to generate a continuum ice material, where the interaction force between adjacent elements is modeled by constructing bonds at the joints of the common faces. A hybrid fracture model considering fracture energy is introduced. The viscous creep behavior of glaciers on long-term scales is not considered. By applying buoyancy and gravity to the modelled glacier, DEM results show that the calving process is caused by cracks which are initialized at the top of the glacier and spread to the bottom. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the dilated polyhedral DEM method in glacier simulations, additionally allowing the fragment size of the breaking fragments to be counted. The relationship between crack propagation and internal stress in the glacier is analyzed during calving process. Through the analysis of the Mises stress and the normal stress between the elements, it is found that geometric changes caused by the glacier calving lead to the redistribution of the stress. The tensile stress between the elements is the main influencing factor of glacier ice failure. In addition, the element shape,glacier base friction and buoyancy are studied, the results show that the glacier model based on the dilated polyhedral DEM is sensitive to the above conditions.     

基于TIN的体布尔算法及其地质应用

提出一种基于TIN的体布尔操作算法,即采用快速碰撞检测方法、改进的三角形求交算法和三角形包含测试算法,能解决复杂地质体的交、并、差等布尔操作。该方法不仅可以有效处理具有侵入、交错等复杂空间关系的地质体建模问题,还适用于基于地质模型的工程分析应用,如开挖模拟等,并在北京市某岩土工程信息系统建设项目中得到了检验。     

融合多特征改进型PSPNet模型应用于复杂场景下的建筑物提取

针对复杂场景下高分辨率遥感影像中建筑物提取精度低的问题,本文提出了一种融合多特征改进型PSPNet模型,在PSPNet网络的基础上,加入膨胀卷积模块并融合图像的浅层特征.试验结果表明,融合多特征改进型PSPNet模型的预测结果总体精度为95.90％,建筑物提取精度平均为77.77％,均高于其他模型.其在不同场景上的表现...     

Intersecting dilated convex polyhedra method for modeling complex particles in discrete element method

This paper describes a new method for representing concave polyhedral particles in a discrete element method as unions of convex dilated polyhedra. This method offers an efficient way to simulate systems with a large number of (generally concave) polyhedral particles. The method also allows spheres, capsules, and dilated triangles to be combined with polyhedra using the same approach. The computational efficiency of the method is tested in two different simulation setups using different efficiency metrics for seven particle types: spheres, clusters of three spheres, clusters of four spheres, tetrahedra, cubes, unions of two octahedra (concave), and a model of a computer tomography scan of a lunar simulant GRC‐3 particle. It is shown that the computational efficiency of the simulations degrades much slower than the increase in complexity of the particles in the system. The efficiency of the method is based on the time coherence of the system, and an efficient and robust distance computation method between polyhedra as particles never intersect for dilated particles. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.