High-resolution calculations of merging neutron stars – II. Neutrino emission

The remnant resulting from the merger of two neutron stars produces neutrinos in copious amounts. In this paper we present the neutrino emission results obtained via Newtonian, high-resolution simulations of the coalescence event. These simulations use three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics together with a nuclear, temperature-dependent equation of state and a multiflavour neutrino leakage scheme. We present the details of our scheme, discuss the neutrino emission results from a neutron star coalescence and compare them with the core-collapse supernova case where neutrino emission has been studied for several decades. The average neutrino energies are similar to those in the supernova case, but contrary to the latter, the luminosities are dominated by electron-type antineutrinos that are produced in the hot, neutron-rich, thick disc of the merger remnant. The cooler parts of this disc contain substantial fractions of heavy nuclei, which, however, do not influence the overall neutrino emission results significantly. Our total neutrino luminosities from the merger event are considerably lower than those found in previous investigations. This imposes constraints on the ability of neutron star mergers to produce a gamma-ray burst via neutrino annihilation. The neutrinos are emitted preferentially along the initial binary rotation axis, an event seen 'pole-on' would appear much brighter in neutrinos than a similar event seen 'edge-on'.     

Dynamics and Variability of Terra Nova Bay Polynya

Abstract. We present a process study on the dynamics and variability of the Terra Nova Bay polynya in the western sector of the Ross Sea. The air-sea heat exchange is known to be particularly large in polynya during the winter, when differences between air and sea temperatures are large. We apply a 1-D model (Pease, 1987; Van Woert, 1999a, 1999b), which is modified in the latent heat parameterisation in order to account for time-dependent relative humidity and cloud coverage. Furthermore, the Ice Collection Depth is correlated linearly with a variable wind speed. The model is forced with two different meteorological data sets: the operational analysis of the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric data set and the meteorological parameters measured by an Automatic Weather Station located on the coast of Terra Nova Bay. The results are compared in terms of polynya extension, ice, and High Salinity Shelf Water production. According to the two different wind velocities, the results obtained from the different data sets clearly differ. Qualitatively, however, the results are in good agreement.     

密集建筑群中的深基坑施工技术

以沈阳市某深基坑支护及降水工程在密集建筑群中施工为例，介绍了该支护工程的设计与施工，阐述了该工程变形监测方法并对其结果进行了分析，总结了在沈阳地区密集建筑群中进行基坑开挖的设计与施工经验。     

A mathematical model of concentrate solids content for the wet drum magnetic separator

Low concentrate density from wet drum magnetic separators in dense medium circuits can cause operating difficulties due to inability to obtain the required circulating medium density and, indirectly, high medium solids losses. The literature is almost silent on the processes controlling concentrate density. However, the common name for the region through which concentrate is discharged—the squeeze pan gap—implies that some extrusion process is thought to be at work. There is no model of magnetics recovery in a wet drum magnetic separator, which includes as inputs all significant machine and operating variables.A series of trials, in both factorial experiments and in single variable experiments, was done using a purpose built rig which featured a small industrial scale (700 mm lip length, 900 mm diameter) wet drum magnetic separator. A substantial data set of 191 trials was generated in this work. The results of the factorial experiments were used to identify the variables having a significant effect on magnetics recovery.It is proposed, based both on the experimental observations of the present work and on observations reported in the literature, that the process controlling magnetic separator concentrate density is one of drainage. Such a process should be able to be defined by an initial moisture, a drainage rate and a drainage time, the latter being defined by the volumetric flowrate and the volume within the drainage zone. The magnetics can be characterised by an experimentally derived ultimate drainage moisture. A model based on these concepts and containing adjustable parameters was developed. This model was then fitted to a randomly chosen 80% of the data, and validated by application to the remaining 20%. The model is shown to be a good fit to data over concentrate solids content values from 40% solids to 80% solids and for both magnetite and ferrosilicon feeds.     

江苏沿海高速公路低能见度浓雾的气候特征和影响因子研究

文章对2012年6月至2014年6月期间发生于江苏省沿海高速公路的浓雾过程(能见度0.5 km)进行统计分析,探讨了低能见度浓雾的气候特征、气象要素变化以及主要环流形势背景。研究结果表明:(1)低能见度浓雾月分布次数有显著差异,3-6月、12月至次年2月雾发生次数最高,春、冬季高于夏、秋季;03:00-05:00为低能见度生成的高峰时段,08:00左右为消散峰值时段。(2)能见度低于0.5 km后,如果相对湿度继续增大到97%左右、温度处于0~4℃、风速在0~2 m·s~(-1)、风向在ENE-SSE,能见度可能继续下降到0.2 km以下。(3)对150366个样本的环流背景统计分析表明,中北部路段的低能见度天气大多数是由锋前雾引起的,主要出现在中低层暖区域内,地面为冷锋前部弱气压场的环流条件下。全路段大面积低能见度天气由辐射雾和平流雾造成,辐射雾天气形势主要是高层为下沉气流,配合地面受弱高压或高压南下;平流雾出现在中低层暖性系统,地面位于入海高压后部或低压倒槽东侧,低层盛行偏东风或东南风。(4)"象鼻型"先期振荡现象适用于沿海高速公路低能见度预报过程,尤其对能见度稳定维持0.2 km以下的浓雾过程有很好的预警和监测作用。     

太湖地区HJ-1卫星CCD数据反演气溶胶及大气校正

针对HJ-1卫星CCD数据,利用改进的暗像元法反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),再利用反演的AOD对其进行大气校正。将反演的气溶胶与地基太阳光度计数据进行对比验证,发现当反演的AOD值大于0.2时,反演值与地基观测值的相关系数为0.964,符合MODIS业务化反演AOD的精度要求。再将反演得到的气溶胶带入6S辐射传输模型中,对HJ-1卫星CCD数据进行大气校正实验。结果表明,该方法能有效提高HJ-1卫星CCD数据大气校正的精度,更好地复原地物的真实光谱信息。     

多视密集匹配并行传播GPU-PatchMatch算法

针对多视密集匹配的效率较低的问题,提出了GPU-PatchMatch多视密集匹配算法。该算法使用GPU提高PatchMatch的计算效率;同时充分利用稀疏场景信息,对深度信息进行规则初始化;为提高传播效率,使用了金字塔红黑板并行传播深度信息。最后在DTU、Strecha和Vaihigen数据集上进行了试验,并与常用的多视密集匹配算法进行对比。试验结果表明,本文算法在重建效率上有较大提高,与CPU算法(PMVS、MVE、OpenMVS)相比有7倍以上提升,与GPU算法相比也有2.5倍以上提升,表明本文算法的有效性。     

妇科养血颗粒治疗剖宫产子宫切口缺损致经期延长、漏证40例

目的：观察妇科养血颗粒对剖宫产子宫切口缺损（PCSD）致气血两虚型经期延长、漏证的临床疗效。方法：选取40例PCSD致气血两虚型经期延长、漏证患者为研究对象,于月经周期第5天开始口服妇科养血颗粒,连服2周,治疗3个月经周期,停药后随访3个月。观察治疗前后行经时间、中医证候积分的变化,评定经期疗效及中医证候疗效,评价用药安全性。结果：治疗后与随访第3个月经周期的经期疗效总有效率分别为88.57%（31/35）、71.43%（25/35）,中医证候疗效总有效率分别为100.00%（35/35）、94.29%（33/35）;二者比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗后及随访第3个月经周期的行经时间均缩短、中医证候积分均降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;治疗后与随访第3个月经周期的行经时间和中医证候积分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗期间无严重不良事件发生。结论：妇科养血颗粒可有效缩短PCSD致气血两虚型经期延长、漏证患者的行经时间,明显改善其临床证候,疗效稳定,安全性良好,值得临床扩大样本量,进一步开展随机对照研究。     

Crustal impurities and the internal temperature of a neutron star crust

When the upper part of a neutron star crystallizes to form the crust, the constituting ions are trapped in the lattice as a result of the low diffusion rates in the solid phase. As a consequence, the local composition of the crust corresponds to the equilibrium condition at the melting point and not at the present internal temperature. The inclusion of the small entropic contribution to the free energy does not lead to marked changes in our view of the microscopic structure of a neutron star crust, because the melting temperature is much smaller than the typical energies at play in the crystal cell. However, mixing between layers characterized by different nuclear species is found to be an important effect for the production of impurities. We show that one should expect an increase of the thermal diffusion time through the crust at small temperatures, because of the decrease of thermal conductivity in relatively thin impurity-rich layers acting as isolating shields.     

基于高速公路气象监测数据分析的浓雾预报指标

利用京秦高速公路沿线交通气象监测站实况资料,通过对84个站次的浓雾雾生和雾消各气象要素变化特征进行分析,归纳出高速公路沿线浓雾和强浓雾天气雾生雾消的预报指标。爆发性强浓雾期间能见度少波动,在能见度爆发下降前,温度下降过程中的小幅上升对能见度突然下降有很好的指示作用;相对湿度在能见度爆发下降前1 h内达到80%以上。一般性强浓雾大多数出现在温度波动之后继续直线下降期间;在500 m浓雾出现15 h之前空气相对湿度达90%以上,能见度达50 m之前相对湿度基本达饱和状态。浓雾消散主要有两个方面,因冷空气造成的雾消,预报应着眼于冷空气前锋影响高速公路所在区域的时间;而由辐射升温造成的雾消,预报应着眼于对天空状况和升温速度的判断。