贝尔凹陷沉凝灰岩储层片钠铝石前体矿物研究

为拓展CO2封存的储层选取范围,研究CO2充注过的储层中矿物的赋存状态,通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、X--射线衍射分析及铸体图像分析等技术对贝尔凹陷含片钠铝石储层进行了系统研究。研究区发育片钠铝石的岩石类型为沉凝灰岩,储层深度范围为882.26~941.4 m,该类储层发育有2类9种储集空间类型,以次生孔隙为主,属于低孔低渗储层。岩石骨架碎屑颗粒石英、长石、岩屑均有不同程度溶蚀;自生矿物以片钠铝石、铁白云石和菱铁矿为主。片钠铝石主要以充填溶蚀孔隙或交代颗粒的形式产出。综合研究区岩相学、矿物含量和热力学分析结果,长石和片钠铝石的生成具有亲缘性,为片钠铝石的形成提供了必要的元素和生长空间。     

青藏高原北部巴颜喀拉山群英安质沉凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

应用激光烧蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)方法,对青藏高原北部卡巴纽尔多湖西牙扎康塞一带巴颜喀拉山群碎屑岩系英安质沉凝灰岩夹层中的锆石进行了U-Pb同位素测定。研究结果表明,除1个继承锆石206Pb/238U年龄为419±3Ma外,其余20个岩浆锆石的206Pb/238U年龄变化于242~254Ma之间,其中7个测点的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为244±2Ma(MSWD=1.3),代表了火山岩的喷发年龄,说明该地区巴颜喀拉山群形成于中三叠世早期,而非传统认为的晚三叠世。该套地层时代的确定,为进一步研究巴颜喀拉山群的物质组成与形成时代提供了新的证据。     

新疆西昆仑黑石北湖地区巴颜喀拉山群安山质沉凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

对新疆西昆仑黑石北湖地区巴颜喀拉山群碎屑岩系安山质沉凝灰岩夹层的锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄测定。研究结果表明,在去掉出现明显U亏损的4个点后,剩下的10个测点206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为252.9±9.1 Ma,代表安山质沉凝灰岩岩浆物质的形成时间,时代为晚二叠世—早三叠世。但沉凝灰岩的形成时间一般晚于喷发时间,因此该火山岩夹层的形成时代为早三叠世。通过对该套地层时代的讨论,为本区进一步研究巴颜喀拉山群的物质组成及形成时代提供了新的证据。     

湘西南桂北下寒武统富铀黑色岩系中变质沉凝灰岩的岩石学特征

作者在桂北资源县吴家和全州市木皮口的下寒武统清溪组剖面修测过程中,对所采集的岩石样品进行偏光显微镜观察研究,发现清溪组～Ｃ１－１ｑ、～Ｃ１－３ｑ和～Ｃ１－５ｑ中原定名为“粉砂岩”和“变余长石石英砂岩”的岩石中含有大量火山凝灰碎屑（晶屑）,继而在桂北龙胜、融水和湘西南城步、武岗、新宁等地同时代的富铀黑色岩系中发现存在着２－３层厚度不等的沉凝灰岩。根据岩石的化学成分、结构特征和利用化学成分分析数据所作的各种变异图,确认这些岩石是火山作用形成的沉凝灰岩,通过成岩后的浅变质作用成为变质沉凝灰岩     

云南曲靖盆地蔡家冲粗面英安质凝灰岩——扬子克拉通内曲靖深断裂新生代强烈活动的证据

云南曲靖盆地内的蔡家冲火山岩作为扬子克拉通内部深断裂受青藏高原向东南逃逸而影响强度的标志之一,具有重要意义。在该区新发现的新生代火山岩的斑晶成分主要为正长石和少量黑云母,为钾质火山岩(粗面质火山岩);结合火山岩的全岩成分、微量元素分析,确定蔡家冲火山岩为粗面质火山岩(超钾质火山岩),经湖相水解后K、Na等碱质组分部分流失,导致该区火山岩在火山岩分类图解中落入碱质稍低的花岗闪长岩区域,其本质是水解的粗面质火山岩;全岩K/Ar同位素测年显示:火山岩活动时间范围在44.9±0.8~48.4±0.9Ma之间;火山岩下部至上部年龄差大致为3.5Ma,属于古近纪始新世路特阶的产物。该区的新生代火山岩反映出,曲靖深断裂的走滑拉分不仅形成了曲靖、陆良、弥勒、开远等一系列盆地,其活动强度还导致新生代始新世路特阶的蔡家冲组火山岩的喷发,曲靖深断裂同小江深断裂一样,新生代活动显示为超壳深断裂。火山岩显著富集Cd、Pb、Zn等元素,综合考虑东川播卡等地深部发现同时期的富碱侵入岩及金矿床,该区火山岩显示的金矿、铅锌矿的找矿潜力值得关注。曲靖深断裂还与地震活动、热水资源、农业生态环境、油气资源、固体矿产等密切相关,值得深入研究。     

The Geological Significance of a Tuffite Interlayer in the Cretaceous Port Island Formation in Northeastern Hong Kong

The Port Island Formation(PIF), a typical Cretaceous red bed in Hong Kong, is dominated by non-fossiliferous, reddish clastic rocks, making it difficult to determine the sedimentary age of PIF precisely. Previous studies assigned the PIF to Late Cretaceous provisionally only on the basis of its stratigraphic sequence and lithology. This study identified a tuffite interlayer in the PIF and a zircon UPb age of 128.2±2.7 Ma by LA-ICP-MS method was obtained. It's the first time to date the depositional age of the PIF with a reliable chronological constraint. With the support of stratigraphic evidence, we concluded that the geological age of PIF should be Early Cretaceous rather than Late Cretaceous. Based on the volcanic history of Hong Kong and Southeast China and the distribution of the PIF in Mirs Bay, it is believed that there was no volcanic activity in Hong Kong in ca. 128 Ma. The tuffite interlayer discovered in PIF was formed by the deposition of volcanic ash, which might originate from remote region outside Hong Kong, in an aquatic environment on Port Island. The identification of the tuffite interlayer, as the response to a volcanic event, has great significance not only to the studies of establishment and regional correlation of the strata system and the geological evolution in Hong Kong,but also to the study of volcanic activities in Southeast China.     

Quilotoa volcano — Ecuador: An overview of young dacitic volcanism in a lake-filled caldera

Quilotoa volcano, an example of young dacitic volcanism in a lake-filled caldera, is found at the southwest end of the Ecuador's volcanic front. It has had a long series of powerful plinian eruptions of moderate to large size (VEI = 4–6), at repetitive intervals of roughly 10–15 thousand years. At least eight eruptive cycles (labeled Q-I to Q-VIII with increasing age) over the past 200 ka are recognized, often beginning with a phreatomagmatic onset and followed by a pumice-rich lapilli fall, and then a sequence of pumice, crystal, and lithic-rich deposits belonging to surges and ash flows. These unwelded pyroclastic flows left veneers on hillsides as well as very thick accumulations in the surrounding valleys, the farthest ash flow having traveled about 17 km down the Toachi valley. The bulk volumes of the youngest flow deposits are on the order of 5 km³, but that of Q-I's 800 yr BP ash-fall unit is about 18 km³. In the last two eruption cycles water has had a more important role.     

相山铀矿田邹家山矿床英安斑岩脉锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

对首次在相山铀矿田邹家山矿床发现的英安斑岩脉开展了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素地球化学研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明:两个英安斑岩脉样品年龄加权平均值分别为122.4±0.5 Ma和126.5±1.4 Ma,晚于相山大规模火山侵入活动时间(132～137 Ma).该岩脉具有明显的轻...     

辽北德仁组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

通过对辽北平岗盆地中德仁组火山岩的岩石学、地球化学和年代学的研究,探讨了其岩石成因、形成时代、构造环境,以及华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄时间和减薄机制。用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了平岗盆地中德仁组中部英安质角砾晶屑岩屑凝灰岩和上部流纹岩中的锆石U-Th-Pb同位素组成。获得前者的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为246.8±3.5Ma和169.6±4.6Ma,代表了2期岩浆活动的年龄,是平岗盆地基底早三叠世和中侏罗世岩浆活动的表现;后者的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为117.0±0.9Ma,表明流纹岩形成于早白垩世。德仁组火山岩富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Y、Yb;富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,表现出壳源特征。德仁组火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘火山弧环境,原始岩浆来源于盆地基底岩浆岩重熔。研究区在117~135Ma期间,发生了由正地形向负地形的重大转变,区域上发育伸展盆地和变质核杂岩,并在基底岩石重熔过程中受到地幔混染作用,表明研究区在早白垩世发生了岩石圈减薄,且减薄的起始时间早于117.0±0.9Ma,减薄机制为拆沉作用。