Study of Adsorption Isotherm Curves of Amino Acids on the Kaolinite

This paper studies the adsorption isotherm curves of four amino acids (glyucine,aspartic acid,glutamic acid and lysine)and the effects of existences of different concentrations of Cu(Ⅱ) on them.Both the adsorption isotherm of the amino acids on the kaolinite and that when the copper ion Cu(Ⅱ） exists belong to the Langmuir type.The slopes of these adsorption isotherm increase with the increasing concentrations of Cu(Ⅱ） added.It can be explained in terms of formation of the type(Ⅰ） ternary surface complexes in these systems.The regular pattern of the effects of copper ion Cu(Ⅱ) on the adsorption isotherm of amino acids on the kaolinite is identical with that of its effects on the exchange and adsorption percentage E(%)-pH on the kaolinite in the same system.     

环境矿物材料治理镉（Cd^2＋）污染研究进展

近年来,环境矿物材料以其经济、有效、无二次污染等特点,在重金属废水处理和土壤修复方面显示出了众多优势,可替代传统的镉污染处理方法。本文综述了国内外环境矿物材料在处理镉污染方面的研究进展,并对今后应用环境矿物材料治理镉污染提出了一些建议。     

In situ methods for studying adsorbed phases at the solid/liquid interface: microcalorimetry and ellipsometryLes méthodes d'étude in situ des phases adsorbées : microcalorimétrie et ellipsométrie

The applications of calorimetric and ellipsometric methods to the understanding of adsorption phenomena occurring at the solid–liquid interface are presented with examples in the field of surfactant adsorption. The various experimental approaches are presented and compared, i.e., immersion calorimetry, titration calorimetry and liquid flow calorimetry. It is shown how they can be used to follow, in situ, the building steps of the surfactant adsorbed layer. On the other hand, ellipsometry allows the adsorption isotherm, the adsorption kinetics as well as the thickness of the adsorbed layer to be determined on well-defined flat surfaces. To cite this article: R. Denoyel, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 689–702.     

新疆入境旅游市场竞争态分析

提出旅游业市场竞争态模型，运用此模型可以定量分析、对比旅游市场的现实竞争状态，在此基础上，进行市场研究，确定本地区在旅游高超中的地位，明确现在和未来市场竞争的优势和劣势，为地区旅游业发展规划提供参考依据。应用这一模型，分析了新疆入境旅游的客源市场竞争态及省内各地区目的地市场竞争态。     

水稻土中重金属元素Cd、Pb的竞争吸附——以长株潭地区水稻土为例

对中国南方的3个水稻土样品进行了Cd、Pb单一离子和混合离子吸附特点的研究。结果表明,3个水稻土样品中Cd、Pb的吸附特点都相似,Langmuir等温方程可很好地描述Cd、Pb的吸附等温线。3个土壤样品中,有较高pH值和较低有机物、CEC浓度、粘土含量、高岭石含量的2个土壤样品对Cd、Pb有较大的吸附量,且其等温吸附拟合的最大吸附量（B）也较大。在两组分混合溶液中,尽管共存离子的存在影响了土壤对单一离子的吸附,同时土壤对Cd的吸附在一定程度上受影响的程度大,但3个土壤样品都表现出对Pb有强的吸附能力。在3个土壤样品中,Langmuir等温方程中Pb的健合能常数（K）都大于Cd的健合能常数（K）,混合溶液中的K值高于单一溶液的K值,表明2种金属离子对吸附位点的竞争提高了特定吸附位点的保持力,使金属离子在土壤中特定位点的吸附更加坚固。     

麦饭石对腐殖酸及重金属离子的吸附作用

研究了麦饭石对腐殖酸和重金属离子（Ｈｇ２＋,Ｐｂ２＋,Ｃｕ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋,Ｃｄ２＋）的吸附作用,实验结果表明麦饭石对腐殖酸和重金属离子都具有较好的吸附性能,且腐殖酸的存在有利于麦饭石对重金属离子的吸附。ｐＨ值是影响吸附的重要因素,当ｐＨ值为５．０～６．０时,麦饭石同时吸附腐殖酸和重金属离子的效果最好,麦饭石在吸附腐殖酸和重金属离子的同时能溶出微量元素硒,这对于大骨节病的防治有重要意义。     

利用扫描电镜、压汞法、氮气吸附法评价近海黏土孔隙特征

近海地区黏土的微观结构单元--黏土畴中含有大量的粒内孔隙,其孔径小至纳米级,这部分孔隙对黏土的物理指标、水稳性、膨胀性、收缩性等具有重要影响,一般方法很难准确地描述其孔隙特征。试验利用扫描电镜、压汞法、氮气吸附法对湛江黏土的微观孔隙特征及其孔隙发育的控制因素分析,建立微观结构与物理指标、力学行为的相互关系与灵敏性分析。结果表明,湛江黏土具有不良物理性质和良好力学特性指标的异常组合,是一种高灵敏性的强胶结结构性黏性土,其机制主要是：湛江黏土的微观结构为带有胶质联结特性的、定向性无序的开放式絮凝结构,孔隙结构为具有较高的强度和空间稳定性的边－面－角联结的空间网架系统。由于特殊的孔隙网架结构以及“墨水瓶”型孔隙的存在,导致退汞过程出现滞留现象及产生吸附回线。研究表明,联合扫描电镜、压汞法、氮气吸附法能够准确、完整地对近海地区黏土孔隙体系特征进行定性与定量的评价。     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤储层低温氮等温吸附特征分析

利用美国Micromritcs ASAP 2000自动等温吸附仪,测试了鄂尔多斯盆地煤储层孔隙特征。在测试数据分析的基础上,确定了等温吸附和脱附曲线3种类型:第1类属孔结构是具有平行权构成的狭缝毛细孔型;第2类为发育一端尖灭的不平行的裂隙型;第3类属“墨水瓶”型孔。总结了鄂尔多斯盆地煤储层几种常见的比表面积分布曲线及累计孔体积分布曲线模型。     

Microstructural characteristics of the Whitby Mudstone Formation (UK)

When trying to improve gas productivity from unconventional sources a first aim is to understand gas storage and gas flow potential through the rock by investigating the microstructure, mineralogy and matrix porosity of unfractured shale. The porosity and mineralogy of the Mulgrave Shale member of the Whitby Mudstone Formation (UK) were characterized using a combination of microscopy, X-ray diffraction and gas adsorption methods on samples collected from outcrops. The Whitby Mudstone is an analogue for the Dutch Posidonia Shale which is a possible unconventional source for gas. The Mulgrave shale member of the Whitby Mudstone Formation can microstructurally be subdivided into a fossil rich (>15%) upper half and a sub-mm mineralogically laminated lower half. All clasts are embedded within a fine-grained matrix (all grains < 2 μm) implying that any possible flow of gas will depend on the porosity and the pore network present within this matrix. The visible SEM porosity (pore diameter > 100 nm) is in the order of 0.5–2.5% and shows a non-connected pore network in 2D. Gas adsorption (N2, Ar, He) porosity (pore diameters down to 2 nm) has been measured to be 0.3–7%. Overall more than 40% of the visible porosity is present within the matrix. Comparing the Whitby Mudstone Formation to other (producing) gas shales shows that the rock plots in the low porosity and high clay mineral content range, which could imply that Whitby Mudstone shales could be less favourable to mechanical fracturing than other gas shales. Estimated permeability indicates values in the micro-to nano-darcy range.     

自组织竞争神经网络在江苏油田有杆抽油系统故障诊断中的应用

有杆抽油系统的故障诊断技术是国内外采油工程技术中的一个重要研究课题。通过示功图的不同形状特征可以反映抽油机的不同工作状态。将自组织竞争神经网络应用于示功图的识别与分类,建立了一个自组织竞争神经网络模型对示功图进行自动聚类,从而实现故障诊断的自动化。应用江苏油田的实测示功图数据进行实验,可以看出自组织竞争神经网络具有良好的分类能力和泛化性能,是实现油田抽油系统故障诊断的有效技术,具有很强的实用价值和广泛的应用前景。