美国促进地理信息劳动力发展的举措与启示

在全面介绍美国地理信息技术能力素质模型（ GTCM ）、地理信息职业、地理信息课程培训和认证体系的基础上,提出了要研究制定我国地理信息职业能力标准、新增地理信息职业类型、充分参考和利用GTCM模型、建立人才交流平台、加强地理信息劳动力调查研究,以促进我国地理信息劳动力和产业发展。     

Skills in Professional Geography: An Assessment of Workforce Needs and Expectations

This study compares the skills of professional geographers and the needs of employer organizations across major sectors of the U.S. workforce. Following a series of focus groups, two surveys were developed to explore: (1) the extent to which specific skills were performed by geographers in different professional positions, and (2) the value of and anticipated demand for those skills from the perspective of employers. Overall, respondents in the focus groups and both surveys emphasized the need for general skills ranging from time management and writing ability to information management and computer literacy. Employers also cited many geographic skills as being vital for enhancing the work of professionals in all types of organizations. Competency in field methods, the ability to work across disciplinary boundaries, and spatial thinking were three skill areas that characterized the work of geographic professionals irrespective of specialty.     

褶皱相关断裂构造形成条件与发育机制:燕山中部露头尺度变形研究为例

总结了褶皱相关断裂发育机制的3个构造几何学模型:同心圆褶皱模型、膝折带褶皱模型和弯流褶皱模型。基于燕山中部中、新元古界地层中发育的5个露头尺度褶皱及其中、小型断裂构造的实例剖析,探讨了收缩变形过程中褶皱与断裂构造发育时序与褶皱相关断裂构造的产生机制。研究指出,规模与所在褶皱构造相当或略小的断裂构造当中,既有形成时间早于褶皱变形的断层,也有在褶皱变形过程中调节褶皱不同部位应变差异的褶皱相关断裂构造,而且卷入后期变形的早期断裂可能成为制约褶皱成核位置的影响因素,以及成为枢纽叠覆楔构造的形成方式之一。断层位移-距离曲线特征和断层与褶皱变形几何学、运动学关系分析,可用来判断断层、褶皱变形发生相对时序。认为影响褶皱相关断裂构造发育的机制主要有3种:(1)纵弯滑褶皱作用中,翼部顺层滑动受到限制而无法持续时,将通过断层向上切层的方式予以调节,从而形成翼部或转折端揳入逆冲断裂以及背离向斜和指向背斜逆冲断层;(2)各种因素导致的褶皱曲率变化是褶皱相关断裂产生的重要机制之一,褶皱曲率变化可由褶皱轴面的合并和新生直观反映,轴面合并引起褶皱曲率变化的层位,可能是诱发褶皱相关断裂,如背离向斜和指向背斜逆冲构造开始产生的重要部位;(3)能干性差异和强硬层之间距离较大的岩层组合发生纵弯褶皱变形时,软弱岩系在褶皱核部的聚集和逃逸,是迫使递进收缩的强硬层产生褶皱相关断裂构造的重要机制。     

鱼嘴构造在相邻能干层能干性估测中的应用

      利用不同类型鱼嘴状石香肠构造恢复能干层原岩的初始厚度,并进一步分析原岩发生在应变椭球Z轴方向和X方向 的线应变,以应变差折射流变计的方法为基础,推导出一种求相同基质中相邻能干层粘度比的估测方法。以湖北大冶铁山 地区采集的两块鱼嘴状石香肠标本为例进行了应用尝试,得到大理岩基质中两层不同的角岩鱼嘴状香肠体的粘度比分别为 3.07和0.75。     

当前经济形势与大学生就业核心竞争力的培养

立足当前经济环境,分析了毕业生就业面临的机遇和挑战,提出从优化人文素质、强化人格培养,调整培养机制、优化知识结构,强化创业教育、增强创新品质和加强职业规划、整合就业资源等方面提升毕业生就业核心竞争力。     

The Experiences of Weak and Non-Swimmers Caught in Rip Currents at Australian Beaches

Beach rip currents present a risk to weak and non-swimmers, whose limited open water swim competencies may render them incapable of swimming out of these common and strong offshore flows. Here, the aim has been to explore this group's vulnerability by identifying how the limits of their swimming competencies influence their abilities to successfully execute a rip current exit strategy. It provides empirical detail on their knowledge of rip currents, their behavioural responses when caught in the rip current, the advice they recalled and the educational messages they recommend to other swimmers. A secondary aim has been to begin a dialogue that recognises the capacity of the Australian beach cultures—as places of relaxation and natural beauty—to influence people's decisions to enter the water. This cultural contextualisation may help explain why some self-identified weak and non-swimmers still enter the water despite their limited competencies. Through a synthesis of survey and interview data, we argue that weak and non-swimmers need to take the threat of rip currents seriously. Pre-emptive safety advice should be sought, especially if people intend to swim regardless of their swimming ability.     

Fifteen Year Follow-Up Geography Skills Test Administered in Indiana, 1987 and 2002

Abstract

After fifteen years of geographic education efforts, a baseline geography skills test was repeated in Indiana. In 2002, 2,278 students in college freshman geography courses were tested with a revision of the National Council for Geographic Education Competency-Based Geography Test, Secondary Level Form II. The test measured geographic ability in map skills, place name location, physical geography, and human geography. As in 1987, the 2002 test gathered personal information from each student on age, gender, travel experience, and prior geographic education. Test scores were lower by two percent in 2002. Travel and lifetime experience are again the best teachers of geography as opposed to high school geography course work. Significant performance differences persist between gender and ethnic groups. Arts and science students perform significantly higher than students from education, business, and other schools. Test results underscore the need to emphasize more intentional classroom focus on state standards and preparation of classroom teachers.     

基于GEM模型的旅游产业集群竞争力研究——以天津滨海新区为例

产业集群竞争力不仅可带动产业集群的发展,而且在提升企业竞争力、区域竞争力方面发挥着重要的作用。基于GEM模型分析法,通过构建天津滨海新区旅游产业集群竞争力评价体系,进行问卷调查,应用层次分析法等对数据进行处理,计算出天津滨海新区旅游产业集群竞争力的得分,研究认为天津滨海新区旅游产业集群竞争力具有一定的竞争优势,但在相关辅助行业与集群中企业战略管理和创新方面表现一般。针对影响天津滨海新区旅游产业集群竞争力的因素和存在的问题提出政策方面的建议。