Application of micropolar plasticity to post failure analysis in geomechanics

A micropolar elastoplastic model for soils is formulated and a series of finite element analyses are employed to demonstrate the use of a micropolar continuum in overcoming the numerical difficulties encountered in application of finite element method in standard Cauchy–Boltzmann continuum. Three examples of failure analysis involving a deep excavation, shallow foundation, and a retaining wall are presented. In all these cases, it is observed that the length scale introduced in the polar continuum regularizes the incremental boundary value problem and allows the numerical simulation to be continued until a clear collapse mechanism is achieved. The issue of grain size effect is also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西宁盆地泥石流类型及其防治意见

概略地叙述了西宁地区的泥石流形成条件和形成机理,并将西宁地区泥石流划分为稀性泥石流类及泥石质泥石流种类。在此基础上提出防治泥石流灾害的意见。     

Gravitational collapse and equilibrium conditions of a toroidal vortex with thermal pressure

We found the equilibrium conditions for a self-gravitating toroidal vortex by taking thermal pressure into account. These conditions are shown to significantly differ from those for a disk or a sphere. The evolution of a thin vortex turns it into a compact vortex that loses mechanical stability for low masses at a polytropic index γ<4/3 but retains stability for sufficiently high masses and densities determined by the velocity circulation in the vortex.     

菏泽市地质灾害现状与防治

菏泽市地质灾害类型主要为地震、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝、砂土液化、土地盐渍化及地氟病等，其发育与分布受地质构造、水文地质条件的控制以及气象、人类活动等因素的影响。就其分布、危害、致灾原因等做了分析，并提出了防治建议和对策。     

A geological and geotechnical investigation of the settlement area of Zümrüt Building (Konya, Turkey) which caused 92 fatalities due to its collapse

This study examines the local geological conditions and soil structure as possible causes of the collapse of the Zümrüt Building 2 February 2004. This catastrophe resulted in 92 fatalities and 35 injuries. This study also examines other views which claim weak soil structure, elastic and consolidation settlement of soil and excessive groundwater extraction as well as subsidence resulting from the underground silt erosion as possible factors. Zümrüt Building was constructed on normally consolidated, low plasticity clay. The underground water table was 30 m in depth. The internal friction angle of soil was 8°–30°, its cohesion was between 34 and 127 kN/m² and standard penetration test numbers varied between 11 and 50. The underground water level beneath Zümrüt Building had risen 4.5 m since its construction. Therefore the claim that subsidence resulting from the decrease of underground water level contributed to the collapse is incorrect. Secondly the settlement, resulting from the filling up of the pores created by the silt receding with the underground water, was 4.4 mm in total, and attributing this as the primary cause of the collapse is also incorrect. Soil properties, in situ and laboratory test results showed that the existing and/or expected settlement and the differential ground settlement in the Zümrüt building vicinity had the potential to cause structural damage. The tensile stresses caused by differential settlements recorded here are thought to be an indicator, but not the main cause contributing to the collapse of the building. The Zümrüt Building collapse was due to several compounding mistakes during the construction phase. These were geotechnical and other project faults and the use of low quality construction materials. The resulting catastrophe caused 92 fatalities, 35 injuries and a material loss of approximately US$7 million.     

盘江火铺煤矿矸石场滑坡预警、征兆特征及其防治

本文通过火铺煤矿矸石场滑坡的调查研究,在对其地质环境条件分析的基础上,论述滑坡的特征,探讨其形成机制,提出了防治措施,可供该矿山地质环境的保护与修复参考。     

青岛地区的环境水文地质问题及其防治对策

随着工农业的发展,围绕水资源的开发利用而产生的环境水文地质问题,日益向广度和深度发展。青岛地区近年来产生的环境水文地质问题主要有:地下水超采造成的区域性水位下降、海水入侵及地下水污染。另外,部分地区存在原生环境水文地质问题之一——地方性氟病。本文试就这些问题出现的原因、发展程度、防治措施及进一步的研究方向,作了一些有益的探讨。     

新建水坝对下游已建水工建筑物的影响分析

分析了新建水坝及社会经济发展因素对坝下游水流及泥沙的影响，用一个简易河床模型来说明新建大坝后下游河床的演变规律，通过坝下游河床一般演变分析来阐述局部冲刷对已建水工建筑物基础的影响及对已建水工建筑基础的防护措施。     

青岛市水环境污染及其防治对策

通过分析近几年青岛市地表，地下水水质监测资料，总结水环境污染地区分布规律，摸清水环境污染形成原因，对当前防污治污工作提出了对策建议。     

中国近海海区污损生物研究现状及展望

近海海区通常是指离岸3n mile以上或水深超过25m的水域(Relini et al.，1994)；海洋污损生物是海洋环境中栖息或附着在船舶和各种水下人工设施上，对人类经济活动产生不利影响的动物、植物和微生物的总称，它不仅是影响海洋设施安全与使用寿命的重要因素，也是人类开始接触海洋时所关注的问题。本文就污损生物对海洋结构物的影响和我国近海污损生物研究的进展状况、存在问题等方面进行了综合论述，并对未来几年内为研究方向和重点进行了探讨，以期为下一阶段研究工作提供一些具有参考价值的依据和建议。