河南内乡-淅川-带的虎睛石矿床及开发利用

研究区虎睛石矿床在地质特征、矿物组合、化学成分及琢雕效果等方面与国外虎睛石矿床是完全不同的，属于一种特殊的罕见类型。在分析虎睛石地质特征、开发利用现状的基础上，认为该区的虎睛石资源丰富，琢雕效果好，在国内外市场上具有一定的竞争力和良好的开发利用前景。     

温石棉通过活性氧激活线粒体通路诱导A549细胞凋亡的机制研究

探讨活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在温石棉激活线粒体通路诱导A549凋亡中的作用。采用不同浓度温石棉粉尘染毒人肺上皮细胞(A549)后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测ROS抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)预处理前后的细胞凋亡率、胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位,Western Blot法检测各组细胞半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、p53蛋白表达水平。实验结果显示,温石棉可降低A549细胞存活率,呈现时间-剂量效应关系;NAC可显著减少胞内ROS水平、阻止线粒体膜电位下降,并下调caspase-3、p53蛋白的表达水平,抑制部分细胞凋亡的发生。表明ROS可通过诱导p53蛋白过表达,激活线粒体凋亡通路,诱导A549细胞发生凋亡。     

不同反应参数下纤蛇纹石纳米管的水热合成研究

以活性MgO和纳米SiO2为原料,在仿地质作用的碱性水热环境下控制不同反应参数合成了多个系列的纤蛇纹石样品。利用XRD和IR分析系统地研究了不同反应参数对纤蛇纹石特征的影响。结果表明,活性MgO和纳米SiO2在水热环境中很容易转变成纤蛇纹石相,但形成完善纳米管结构须严格控制水热反应条件;pH值、反应温度和反应时间的提高均有利于水热合成结晶度及管状结构更加完善的纤蛇纹石,最佳水热反应条件为pH=13.8,200℃,反应60h,此条件下无其它杂质产物生成,合成温度较前人采用的300℃有所降低。利用SEM和AFM对最佳反应条件下合成的纤蛇纹石纳米管的形貌进行了观察,发现其为短柱状,准直性较高,表面光洁无杂质,直径均一,约50nm,长度多为400～500nm。     

石棉尾矿硫酸铵焙烧法提取氧化镁制备碱式碳酸镁的实验研究

基于石棉尾矿中富含氧化镁组分的特点,在矿物学特征研究基础上,采用硫酸铵焙烧法提取氧化镁,利用浸出液硫酸镁制备碱式碳酸镁。采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和TG-DTA对不同温度条件下所获得的产物的物相、形貌、分子振动光谱和热效应变化等特征进行了分析和表征。结果表明:利用硫酸铵焙烧产物的浸取液,在低于65℃的水溶液中所制备的产物为针状水合碳酸镁;在高于85℃时制备的产物为片状碱式碳酸镁;在75℃温度时形成短柱状或颗粒状水合碳酸镁和片状碱式碳酸镁的混合物。对水合碳酸镁加热,在100℃脱去部分水合水和二氧化碳后转变为片状碱式碳酸镁。研究结果对石棉尾矿的资源化利用和环境保护具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

石棉控制法规及其检测方法

介绍了石棉的特性、危害,以及在建筑、纺织、设备制造业和国防工业等方面的应用情况.讨论了能够导致石棉肺、恶性间皮瘤、肺癌、支气管癌等恶性疾病的石棉纤维形态及进入人体的途径.对世界卫生组织、国际劳工组织、联合国环境规划署、联合国粮食及农业组织和世界贸易组织,以及美国、欧盟、日本、中国等40多个国家关于石棉控制法规的实施历程...     

天然石棉矿床地质学及其在公共卫生政策中的应用(英文)

20世纪,越来越多的证据使人们意识到,吸入含石棉的灰尘会使从事与石棉有关的几种职业(如石棉采矿、造船和石棉产品组装)的工人患上几种严重的呼吸道疾病(石棉沉着病,肺癌和mesotheliuma)。为此已经制定了若干规定,以控制工人们在特殊的制造、采矿和其他工作地点与石棉尘埃的接触。比较间接的是控制和管理"天然产生的石棉"(NOA),这一问题近年来也引起了管理机构、健康机构和居民团体的注意。NOA包括在自然状态下原地找到的被描述为石棉的矿物,例如在基岩或土壤中的这种矿物。NOA之所以引起关注,是因为如果含石棉的岩石受到自然侵蚀或人类活动(例如修路、城市开挖、农业、采矿、压碎和碾磨)的影响,就有可能暴露并变成空中尘埃的微小纤维。天然石棉矿床的规模差异很大,从薄的四散的细脉一直到大的矿体。它们的地理分布与地质条件直接有关。石棉产出的地质背景是含镁丰富的主岩,这些岩石受到低压低温的变质作用蚀变而成。已知的容矿主岩包括变质的和已被交代的超基性岩(尤其是蛇纹岩)、一些基性火成岩、变质白云岩和变质的铁建造。石棉形状的角闪石在几种热液蚀变型的碱性火成侵入体中也能作为副矿物存在。石棉形成于可预见和可鉴别的地质环境。这种认识是一种信息,而这种信息使公众健康机构可以执行有情报根据的屏蔽和管理规划。第一步是在区域的或国家规模的尺度上确定和描述已知的(报道过的)石棉矿床。第二步是对容纳已知石棉矿的单位进行填图,以划定可能的其他石棉矿化的范围。这种地质研究使有关机构对遇到石棉的可能性做出规划,而尽量节省在不太可能遇到石棉矿的地区的管理费用。对石棉地质条件的认识可以事先应用于岩石和土壤的挖掘项目,而不管挖掘的规模有多大。这种对石棉管理的科学探索能有助于缓解对挖掘所发现的自然石棉矿床的连续不断地做出反应。因此,通过对很可能含有石棉矿床的地区做填图,规划者可开发出一些控制尘埃的程序,这些程序适用于工人和附近居民最容易暴露于空气携带的石棉的地区。     

Serpentinite textural evolution related to tectonically controlled solid-state intrusion along the Kurosegawa Belt, northwestern Kanto Mountains, central Japan

Abstract   Serpentinite bodies in the Kurosegawa Belt are mapped along fault boundaries between the Cretaceous Sanchu Group (forearc basin-fill sediments) and the rocks of the Southern Chichibu Belt (Jurassic to Early Cretaceous accretionary prism) in the northwestern Kanto Mountains, central Japan. The serpentinites were divided into three types based on microtextures and combinations of serpentine minerals: massive, antigorite and chrysotile serpentinites. Massive serpentinite retains initial pseudomorphic textures without any deformation after serpentinization. Antigorite serpentinite exhibits shape-preferred orientation of antigorite replacing the original lizardite and/or chrysotile to form pseudomorphs. It has porphyroclasts of chromian spinel, and is characterized by ductile deformation under relatively high-pressure–temperature conditions. Chrysotile serpentinite shows evidence for overprinting of pre-existing serpentinite features under shallow, low-temperature conditions. It exhibits unidirectional development of chrysotile fibers. Foliations in antigorite and chrysotile serpentinites strike parallel to the elongate direction of the serpentinite bodies, suggesting a continuous deformation during solid-state intrusion along the fault zones after undergoing complete serpentinization at deeper levels (lower crust and upper mantle).     

青海省茫崖石棉矿矿区环境地质问题及治理对策

论文在阐述茫崖石棉矿矿区地质环境质量现状及尾矿可利用价值的基础上,依据矿区粉尘污染、废尾矿成堆,不合理削坡引发灾害事件三大矿山环境地质问题的特点,本着“预防为主,防治结合”,在保护中开发,在开发中保护和“依靠科技进步、发展循环经济,建设绿色矿业”的原则,针对矿区干旱少雨的自然环境特征,提出封存尾矿堆及矿坑边坡削坡的治理方法,借以消除粉尘污染和边坡地质灾害隐患,达到综合利用的目的。     

The nature and transport of the fine‐grained component of Swift Creek Landslide,Northwest Washington

Extreme sedimentation in Swift Creek, located in the Cascades foothills in NW Washington (48°55′N, 122°16′W), results from erosion of the oversteepened, unvegetated toe of a large (55 hectares) active landslide. Deposition of landslide‐derived sediment has necessitated costly mitigation projects in the channel including annual dredging and temporary sediment traps in an attempt to reduce the risk of flooding and damage to man‐made structures downstream. This study attempts to understand the process of sediment production along with the corresponding erosion rates of the sediment source to help with the development of mitigation plans and construction of optimal sediment reservoirs. The bedload and suspended sediment in the creek are a direct result of the weathering process of the serpentinitic bedrock underlying the landslide. The serpentinite does not weather to smectite clay, as previously thought. Instead, it weathers to asbestiform chrysotile with minor amounts of chlorite, illite and hydrotalcite, all of which occur in clay seeps on the unvegetated surface of the landslide. The chrysotile fibers average 2 µm in length and make up at least 50%, by volume, of the suspended load transported in Swift Creek. This study does not address the environmental or health implications of the asbestiform chrysotile transport or deposition. During the sampled time between February 2005 and February 2006, 127 discrete suspended sediment samples were collected and discharge was measured 66 times. The suspended sediment concentrations ranged from 0·02 g L^?1 to 41·6 g L^?1 and the discharge ranged from 0·0 m³ s^?1 to 0·5 m³ s^?1. A nonlinear functional model estimated the total suspended sediment flux from detailed precipitation records and discrete suspended sediment concentration and discharge measurements to be 910 t km^?2 yr^?1. When the suspended sediment flux is coupled with estimates of downstream deposition of coarse sediment, the estimated erosion rate for the entire Swift Creek landslide is 158 mm yr^?1. The majority of the material entering Swift Creek is presumed to originate on the unvegetated toe of the landslide, for which the erosion rate is thus approximately 1 m yr^?1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.