营养盐水平对四种海洋浮游硅藻胞外多糖产量的影响

4种海洋浮游硅藻(牟勒氏角毛藻、海链藻、三角褐指藻和新月菱形藻)培养在改进的f／2培养基中，研究了不同氮、磷和硅营养水平对它们胞外多糖产量的影响．结果表明，硅藻胞外多糖的生产和释放具有种间特异性，角毛藻和海链藻胞外多糖的生产和释放主要在静止期，而三角褐指藻和新月菱形藻在指数生长期前期和静止期都能生产和分泌较高的胞外多糖；培养液中低浓度磷减少了4种硅藻在静止期胞外多糖的产量，但增加了角毛藻在生长期前期胞外多糖的产量；氮浓度的降低增加了三角褐指藻在指数生长前期胞外多糖的产量，但减少了其他3种藻类胞外多糖的产量；硅浓度的降低对4种硅藻胞外多糖的产量影响不大，在一定程度上还促进了静止期胞外多糖的生产．本研究表明，营养盐水平对硅藻胞外多糖生产的影响因种类和细胞所处生长期不同而存在着很大的差异．     

三氯生对小球藻的生长效应研究

研究三氯生(Triclosan) 对小球藻(Chlorella spp) 生长状况、藻细胞光合色素及碳水化合物含量的影响,检测三氯生对小球藻的毒性效应.采用概率单位-浓度对数法进行数据处理.结果表明:藻细胞密度随药剂浓度增加而明显下降,且呈现较好的剂量-效应关系;96 h 半抑制效应浓度 ( EC50 ) 为 0.065 0 mg·L-1,属于高毒;三氯生明显抑制小球藻光合色素含量的增加,并对碳水化合物含量变化有持续的影响.     

Seasonal Changes in the Biochemical Composition of the Edible Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Echinodermata: Echinoidea in a Lagoonal Environment

Abstract. Monthly soluble and insoluble protein, carbohydrate, lipid and ash levels and energetic content were measured in tissues of Paracentrotus lividus adults living in a lagoonal environment over a 1-year period to increase our understanding of resource allocation to the different tissues. The biochemical composition of P. lividus individuals in this environment is similar to that observed in other environments. The gonad and gut contained a high level of proteins soluble or insoluble, a lesser amount of lipids and, finally, a low level of carbohydrates. The main component of the test was ash, followed by protein levels. The lipid and carbohydrate levels in the test were very low. Seasonal variability in the biochemical composition of the different body parts was observed. In the gonad, an increase in the level of lipids was recorded concomitant to an increase in gonad weight. The lipids and carbohydrates, after an initial increase, decreased with the maturation of the gonad. The biochemical variations observed in the gut seem to be linked to both the reproductive cycle and the sea urchin's trophic activity. Variability in the test was low and irregular for all of the observed biochemical components. As P. lividus is an important member of the benthic community in the Urbinu lagoon, this echinoid represents an important store of materials and energy within this lagoonal environment.     

东方百合低温打破休眠期间碳水化合物及呼吸代谢变化

以东方百合“西伯利亚”为试材,对不同温度（25 ℃和4 ℃）处理下百合外部及内部鳞片的碳水化合物含量和呼吸代谢途径的关键酶进行了测定。结果表明,随着储藏时间的延长,百合淀粉含量不断下降,可溶性糖含量在低温处理中期较高,且外部鳞片变化较内部鳞片变化剧烈,4 ℃低温处理糖化比25 ℃明显;在百合休眠期间,3条主要呼吸代谢途径的关键酶--糖酵解（EMP）途径的丙酮酸激酶（ATP）、三羧酸循环途径（TCA）的琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）的葡萄糖六磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）呈现不同的变化趋势。根据不同途径关键酶的变化趋势判断,处理前30 d,3条主要呼吸途径变化较剧烈,EMP占绝对优势且不断升高,TCA和PPP呈不断下降过程,且内部鳞片变化比外部鳞片明显;其后随着休眠处理时间的延长,EMP不断下降,而TCA和PPP不断得到活化;呼吸强度变化趋势与碳水化合物自然休眠解除的进程基本一致。     

Dissolved organic matter and its role in red tide succession in the East China Sea in spring

Dissolved fluorescent organic matter was measured using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy at three temporal points during a Synechococcus bloom after diatom bloom dispersion in spring, 2007. Carbohydrate and dissolved organic carbon were also analyzed. The relationship between organic matter and red tide succession was examined. The results show that after the diatom bloom, tyrosine-like fluorescence B intensity was very high within the water column and exhibited a negative correlation wi...     

An Improved Gas Chromatographic Method for the Determination of C6–C12 Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Water

In this work, investigations dealing with the determination of hydrocarbons in contaminated soil water are presented. The hydrocarbons under investigation range from low to high volatility compounds. A GC‐FID method was developed that due to its efficiency, routine suitability, relative rapidity, and low cost is suitable for the analysis of complex chemical mixtures of highly volatile hydrocarbons (with boiling points between 69 and 190°C). The standard used was a gasoline mixture with boiling points ranging from 100 to 190°C. For this standard, no supplementary preparation is needed and it is suitable for the whole range of hydrocarbons under investigation. The determination of the hydrocarbon content of the samples was performed applying univariate and multivariate statistical analysis to the experimental data. In the characterization of a contamination with highly volatile hydrocarbons of soil water originating from different depth layers from the chemistry location Leuna (Sachsen‐Anhalt, Germany), the advantages of a multivariate method are demonstrated in exemplary manner.     

桐花树胎生发育过程中内源性脱落酸、赤霉素和糖分含量的变化

种子胎生是红树植物典型的适应特征之一。本研究以胎生红树植物桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）花蕾、种子和胚轴为材料,研究了胎生发育过程中繁殖体内源性脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA₃）、可溶性糖和淀粉含量的动态变化。结果表明：ABA含量在胎生发育过程中呈现先降低后升高的显著变化,即在种子形成前的花蕾期最高\[（1.86±0.07） μg/g\],在种子期达到最低值\[（0.75±0.07） μg/g\],然后随种子萌发逐渐回升;GA₃含量则呈现相反的变化趋势,先升高后降低,即在种子期最高\[（12.60±0.05 ）μg/g\],然后随种子萌发逐渐降低\[（1.97±0.05） μg/g\];繁殖体可溶性糖含量随发育进程先升高后降低,在种子萌发早期达到最高值;淀粉含量始终呈现增加的趋势,并在种子萌发晚期达到最高值。在胎生过程中,桐花树繁殖器官的内源性ABA和GA₃含量以及可溶性糖和淀粉含量的动态变化表明,ABA和GA₃通过对糖代谢的综合调控作用可能是红树植物胎生的重要机制之一。     

电场处理对毛乌素沙地油蒿抗寒性影响的研究

不同强度的电场处理沙生植物油蒿（Artemisia ordosica Krash）种子,在毛乌素沙地自然环境下研究电场作用后其根系碳水化合物,叶片水分和渗透调节物随气温下降的变化。结果表明:电场强度为2.0 kV.cm-1、3.5 kV.cm-1和4.5 kV.cm-1时,地温降到零下摄氏度时,其根系碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白质含量增加;气温降到零下10℃左右时,叶片相对含水量、自由水和淀粉含量下降,束缚水、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量增加。     

不同类型糖源对大菱鲆脂肪代谢酶活性和脂肪酸组成的影响

以初始体质量(8.77±0.16)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼为研究对象,在室内流水系统中进行9周的养殖实验,比较分析饲料中3种不同类型的糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精)对大菱鲆脂肪代谢相关酶活性和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,不同类型的糖源显著影响肝脏中与脂肪合成相关的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)和苹果酸酶(ME)的活性(P0.05)。饲料糖源为葡萄糖时,大菱鲆肝脏中G6PD和ME的活性显著高于其他处理组,而蔗糖和糊精处理组之间没有显著差异。对与脂肪分解代谢相关酶的活性分析表明,肠道脂肪酶的活性受饲料中不同糖源的影响显著(P0.05);肝脏脂蛋白脂酶的活性在糖源为葡萄糖时显著低于其他处理组(P0.05);不同糖源对肝脂酶的活性无显著影响(P0.05);糊精组的总脂酶活性显著高于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。葡萄糖组大菱鲆肌肉中的C16∶0和C18∶0的含量显著高于糊精组,而C16∶1和C18∶1n-9的含量显著低于糊精组(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中不同类型的糖源对大菱鲆肌肉脂肪酸的影响集中在饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸上,而对多不饱和脂肪酸的影响有限。     

PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE IN P-POM COLLECTED FROM THE FISHING GROUND IN MINNAN-TAIWAN BANK

The analysis of the protein and carbohydrate in P-POM (Plankton and Particulate Organic Matter) samples collected from the fishing ground in Minnan-Taiwan Bank in five voyages (April, June, July, August and November, 1988) shows that the protein and carbohydrate contents and amounts in samples from four stations (501, 401, 301, 201) along the coast and another four stations (404, 304, 403, 204) south and southeast of the shoal were higher than those in April and November, indicating that this phenomenon is related to the upwelling in the two regions in summer .