花岗岩类岩浆生成及侵位过程中的构造控制作用

花岗质岩浆的生成、分异过程不仅与物理-化学条件有关,而且受控于区域构造。花岗质岩浆的上升、侵位机制除取决于岩浆与围岩的流变性质外,也受构造环境的制约。本文主要讨论花岗岩类岩浆在不同构造环境下对岩浆侵位方式的控制机理,并提出在一个完整的岩浆演化序列中,受构造活动影响发生侵位方式改变的可能性。     

四川省石棉县草科地区大雪山花岗岩体强力就位特征

位于石棉县草科地区的花岗岩体,普遍发育渗透性叶理。经对其按岩石谱系单位划分方法解体,并重点对叶理、岩体与围岩接触关系,围岩变形变质等进行了详细研究,认为该岩体为典型的强力就位花岗岩体热轻气球膨胀模式,渗透性叶理为强力就位机制所造就。     

Pulsations of microwave emission and flare plasma diagnostics

We consider the modulation of nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission from solar flares by the ballooning and radial oscillations of coronal loops. The damping mechanisms for fast magnetoacoustic modes are analyzed. We suggest a method for diagnosing the plasma of flare loops that allows their main parameters to be estimated from peculiarities of the microwave pulsations. Based on observational data obtained with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (17 GHz) and using a technique developed for the event of May 8, 1998, we determined the particle density n≈3.7×10¹⁰ cm^?3, the temperature T≈4×10⁷ K, and the magnetic field strength B≈220 G in the region of flare energy release. A wavelet analysis for the solar flare of August 28, 1999, has revealed two main types of microwave oscillations with periods P₁≈7, 14 s and P₂≈2.4 s, which we attribute to the ballooning and radial oscillations of compact and extended flare loops, respectively. An analysis of the time profile for microwave emission shows evidence of coronal loop interaction. We determined flare plasma parameters for the compact (T≈5.3×10⁷ K, n≈4.8≈10¹⁰ cm^?3, B≈280 G) and extended (T≈2.1≈10⁷ K, n≈1.2≈10¹⁰ cm^?3, B≈160 G) loops. The results of the soft X-ray observations are consistent with the adopted model.     

深水井控中地层呼吸效应的识别与处理探讨

在海洋深水海域,由于其沉积环境的特殊性而使得地层比较脆弱,表现为地层孔隙压力和破裂压力之间的窗口比较窄,在实施钻探作业过程中当循环当量钻井液密度接近于地层破裂压力而超过井周地层的闭合钻井液密度当量,就会形成地层呼吸效应,即正常钻进保持循环时部分钻井液进入井眼附近地层,在接立柱停止循环时这部分钻井液回吐而观察到溢流,从表象上难以判断是地层回吐还是真正发生了溢流,需要频繁使用司钻法循环出溢流来确认,这给井控作业增加额外时间和风险.此文分析了深水地层呼吸效应的形成机理,阐述在深水钻井中如何识别与判断地层呼吸,提出相应的技术措施,为深水钻井作业提供参考.     

Finite Larmor radius magnetohydrodynamic analysis of the ballooning modes in tokamaks

In this paper, the effect of finite Larmor radius (FLR) on high n ballooning modes is studied on the basis of FLR magnetohydrodynamic (FLR-MHD) theory. A linear FLR ballooning mode equation is derived in an `U+015D - α ' type equilibrium of circular-flux-surfaces, which is reduced to the ideal ballooning mode equation when the FLR effect is neglected. The present model reproduces some basic features of FLR effects on ballooning mode obtained previously by kinetic ballooning mode theories. That is, the FLR introduces a real frequency into ballooning mode and has a stabilising effect on ballooning modes (e.g., in the case of high magnetic shear U+015D ≥ 0.8). In particular, some new properties of FLR effects on ballooning mode are discovered in the present research. Here it is found that in a high magnetic shear region (U+015D ≥ 0.8) the critical pressure gradient (α_c,FLR ) of ballooning mode is larger than the ideal one (α_c,IMHD ) and becomes larger and larger with the increase of FLR parameter b₀ . However, in a low magnetic shear region, the FLR ballooning mode is more unstable than the ideal one, and the α_c,FLR is much lower than the α_c,IMHD . Moreover, the present results indicate that there exist some new weaker instabilities near the second stability boundary (obtained from ideal MHD theory), which means that the second stable region becomes narrow.