铁边城北地区长7油层组储层特征研究

通过铸体薄片分析、扫描电镜、岩芯粒度分析等技术和手段,应用储层沉积学、沉积岩石学、石油地质学等基本理论,对铁边城北地区长7油层组储层的岩石学特征、物性发育特征进行认真分析,认为铁边城北长7油层组砂岩储层主要发育岩屑质长石细砂岩,分选较好,磨圆度中等,结构成熟度中等,粒内孔隙为主,属于低孔特低渗储层,认为影响长7储层的主要控制因素是沉积作用与储层后期成岩作用。     

陕甘宁盆地东部上三叠统含油长石砂岩的成岩特点及孔隙演化

本文通过对三条地表剖面和２０口探井的综合研究，认为斑脱岩和火山碎屑物质是影响陕甘宁盆地东部上三叠统长６油层组含油长石砂岩成岩作用的根本原因。浊沸石、方解石、绿泥石的胶结、化学压实作用和浊沸石、长石的溶解作用是影响砂岩储集性能的主要因素。孔隙的演化与成岩史、盆地演化史密切相关，长６２—长６４是孔隙结构最好的层段。较好的储油砂体分布在子长、子北地区以及延安—延长—富县—宜川地区等利于浊沸石溶蚀的地带。     

Quartzite development in early Palaeozoic nearshore marine environments

Quartzites are especially characteristic of Proterozoic and Cambro‐Ordovician shallow marine strata, whereas equivalent age fluvial deposits are commonly arkosic. The absence of land vegetation in the pre‐Silurian influenced weathering processes and styles of fluvial deposition. It may also have had an impact on shallow marine sedimentation. Two field studies from the English Channel region are presented to investigate the processes leading to quartzite formation. On Alderney, nearshore marine and fluvial facies occur interbedded on a metre scale and are interpreted to represent deposition on the lower reaches of an alluvial plain, and in beach and upper shoreface environments. The marine and fluvial sandstones display marked differences in textural and mineralogical maturity, pointing to a process of sediment maturation by the destruction of feldspar and labile grains at the shoreline. At Erquy, fully mature, marine quartzites occur bounded above and below by alluvial deposits via sharp or erosional surfaces, and are interpreted to represent high energy, storm and tidally influenced lower shoreface and inner shelf deposits. A model for quartzite development is proposed where, under a cool climate, frequent storms in un‐vegetated, tectonically rejuvenated uplands provided an abundance of arkosic sand to fluvial basins and clastic shorelines. The model proposes that the marine basins were subject to high wave energies, frequent storm events and tidal currents. These were conditions conducive to transforming arkosic sand to quartz‐rich sand by the attrition of feldspar at the shoreline and in the shallow marine environment. On sediment burial, further feldspar destruction occurred during diagenesis. The proposed model highlights the potential for a step change in sediment maturity to occur at the shoreline in early Palaeozoic depositional systems tracts.     

Provenance,tectonic setting and source of Archean metasedimentary rocks of the Browns Range Metamorphics,Tanami Region,Western Australia

This study combines U–Pb age and Lu–Hf isotope data for magmatic and detrital zircons, with whole-rock geochemistry of the Browns Range Metamorphics (BRM), Western Australia. The BRM are medium- to coarse-grained metasandstones that consist of angular to sub-rounded detrital quartz and feldspars with minor granitic lithic fragments. The sequence has undergone partial to extensive quartz–muscovite alteration and rare-earth-element mineralisation and has been intruded by mafic/ultramafic, syenitic and pegmatitic intrusive rock units. Uranium–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data on detrital zircons from the metasandstones and intruding granitic rocks yield a well-defined age of ca 3.2 to ca 3.0 Ga for all samples, with relatively radiogenic ?_Hf values (?_Hf = –1.7 to 5.1) indicating derivation from Mesoarchean granite basement of juvenile origin. This is consistent with geochemical and petrological data that support deposition from a granitic source in a continental rift basin setting. The timing of sediment deposition is constrained between the ca 3.0 Ga age of the source rocks and ca 2.5 Ga age of the granitic intrusive bodies that cross-cut the metasedimentary rocks. The ca 2.5 Ga zircons from the intrusive rocks have ?_Hf model ages of ca 3.4 to ca 3.1 Ga, which is consistent with formation via partial melting of the BRM, or the Mesoarchean granite basement. Zircons of the Gardiner Sandstone that unconformably overlies the BRM return detrital ages of ca 2.6 to ca 1.8 Ga with no trace of ca 3.1 Ga zircons, which discounts a significant contribution from the underlying BRM. The Mesoarchean age and isotopic signatures of the BRM zircons are shared by some zircon records from the Pine Creek Orogen, and the Pilbara, Yilgarn and Gawler cratons. Collectively, these records indicate that juvenile Mesoarchean crust is a more significant component of Australian cratons than is currently recognised. This work also further demonstrates that detrital minerals in Paleoproterozoic/Archean sedimentary rocks are archives to study the early crustal record of Earth.     

Reviews

The origin of granite

The Granite Controversy, by H. H. Read, xix + 430 pp. Thomas Murby & Co., London, 1957.

Geology of the Pleistocene

Glacial and Pleistocene Geology by R. F. Flint, xiii‐553 pp., 4 pis., figs., J. Wiley & Sons Inc. New York; Chapman & Hall Ltd., London, 1957, 4 plates and numerous figures. $12.50.     

秦岭北麓晚二叠世平顶山段辫状河—辫状三角洲沉积体系及其构造涵义

秦岭北麓晚二叠世石千峰组下部的平顶山砂岩段不整合覆于早、中二叠世含煤地层之上,是一套板状交错层理十分发育并以粗碎屑长石砂岩和长石石英砂岩为主的地层,以辫状河道与辫状三角洲充填沉积占优势。平顶山砂岩段呈自南向北并向东、西两侧变薄的朵状体。平顶山砂岩以含大量的新鲜的钾长石和古水流方向自南指向北和北西为特征,明显区别于下伏含煤地层中的砂岩。石千峰组砂岩与下伏煤系砂岩的厚度、古水流方向和岩石矿物成分的截然变化,表明华北石炭、二叠纪克拉通盆地南部的陆表海至晚二叠世已经完全退出华北,盆地南缘出现了新的物源隆起区,古沉积斜坡由原来的向南倾斜转变为向北倾斜。这意味着秦岭—大别构造带与华北板块南缘在此时期已经开始发生了碰撞并隆起成山。平顶山砂岩为硅质胶结,孔渗条件很差,储集油气的希望不大。     

河北武安地区冯昌金矿地质特征及成矿条件分析

冯昌金矿区位于河北省武安市东北部。利用重砂、水系沉积物测量和土壤地球化学找矿方法，通过对武安冯昌一带系统扫面和重点加密工作和1：1000比例尺填图，找到十余处含金蚀变矿化带。根据探槽取样分析数据圈定出5个金矿体。矿体产于闪长（玢）岩外围的三叠系长石砂岩破碎带中，褐铁矿化是地表的找矿标志。该类金矿是河北省金矿类型中少见的一种较特殊的类型，对其深入探讨和研究有重要的理论意义和找矿意义。