陕北榆横矿区小纪汗井田水文地质特征及矿床充水条件分析

从用顶板充水、底板突水两个角度对矿坑充水强度进行了分析,为小纪汗井田及周边开采提供了参考。     

带压开采时隔水层的隔水能力研究

煤层底板隔水层隔水能力是影响带压开采安全性的重要因素。以往,人们偏重于对隔水层岩性、厚度及组合情况等宏观特征研究。文中从微观研究入手,结合宏观研究探讨隔水层隔水能力研究方法,     

高承压水上采煤工作面斜长的确定方法

根据岩体水力学理论及突水系数理论推导了确定工作面斜长的公式,并用此法确定了东庞矿910 3工作面的斜长为70m。实践证明此方法具有可靠性和可操作性。      

采动及渗流作用下隔水土层破坏规律研究

为了研究土层隔水层在采动及渗流作用下的破坏规律,采用了固-液耦合相似材料模拟试验研究和土层破坏理论分析。试验表明,在采用的长壁间隔式开采中,浅埋煤层中的组合关键层破断后进入裂隙带,隔水土层协调运动进入弯曲下沉带。该开采方法改变了岩层的运动破坏规律,抑制了采动裂隙在隔水土层中的发展,避免了导水裂隙与含水层贯通,达到了保护土层的采动隔水性目的。土层变形、破坏理论分析表明,组合关键层的破断距亦即对应土层的跨距,在弯曲下沉过程中没达到变形破坏极限跨距,不会产生导水裂隙,满足保持隔水性能的判据。现场开采实践证明,试验工作面开采后未出现潜水渗漏。该方法并已成功实现多个工作面的保水开采。     

基于内部结构概化的华北型煤田岩溶陷落柱分类

岩溶陷落柱是华北型煤田所具有的一种特殊地质构造,对煤矿安全生产造成巨大威胁。为了研究岩溶陷落柱的突水机理,确保煤矿采掘工程的安全,提出了岩溶陷落柱的内部结构概化模型,包括堆石段、泥石浆段、岩块碎屑段和柱壁裂隙段4个不同的部分,各部分之间既有相互联系,又显示出不同的力学和水力特征。基于此模型,对岩溶陷落柱按照内部结构的不同进行了分类,将岩溶陷落柱分为堆石型、堆石裂隙型、堆石泥石浆型等8种不同类型,并总结分析了不同类型岩溶陷落柱的结构特征和突水特征,且对不同类型岩溶陷落柱煤矿采掘工程提出了建议。      

榆神矿区强松散含水层下采煤隔水岩组特性的研究

榆神矿区萨拉乌苏组为强松散含水层，但底部发育有一层黄、红土层，根据对萨拉乌苏组强松散含水层底部土层和基岩风化带的分布、性质、水文地质等特征分析，认为该土层与基岩风化带一起构成隔水岩组，因此合理利用其岩组的隔水特性开采煤层，对保护浅部的萨拉乌苏组含水层及防止矿井地质灾害具有重要意义。     

保存农乐杂卤石矿床的水文地质条件

农乐杂卤石矿床是20世纪80年代在我国发现的埋藏在地下的第一座硫酸钾盐矿床。杂卤石作为一种含硫酸钾的非金属矿物，常温下即能溶于水；在形成矿床后，除了要有一个适宜的构造环境外，还得有一套不透水的盖层和底板的保护，避免地表水、地下水(淡水)的渗透、淋滤、潜蚀、溶解，才能较好地保存下来。保存农乐杂卤石矿床的水文地质条件包括：有利于地表水自然排泄的地形地貌，矿床顶底板都是隔水层，地表水、地下水不能进入矿床；无沟通地表水地下水与矿床水力联系的断层；含水层具承压性质，有良好的补给、迳流、排泄的自然循环条件，地下水不能对矿床充水。     

The Pliocene Yafo Formation in Israel: Hydrogeologically inert or active?

For several decades the “Saqiye beds” (later renamed Yafo Formation) underlying the Coastal Plain aquifer (Kurkar Group) aquifer of Israel, were regarded as an extremely thick, tectonically undisturbed, and absolutely impervious aquiclude. Following intensive groundwater exploitation from the overlying Kurkar Group aquifer, brackish and saline waters were locally encountered in the lower parts of this aquifer and always at the contact with the underlying Yafo Formation aquiclude. The present study revealed that this aquiclude is not a uniform and impervious rock unit, but rather an alternation of pervious and impervious strata within the Yafo Formation containing highly pressured fluids of different — mostly high — salinities. The permeable beds are at an angular unconformity and in direct contact with the overlying Kurkar Group aquifer. The Yafo Formation and the underlying and overlying rock units are dislocated by numerous fault systems, which facilitate accessibility of brines into the Kurkar Group aquifer. The mobilization of the saline fluids and their injection into the Kurkar Group aquifer could be due either to diffusion of saline fluids occurring in the permeable horizons of the Petah Tiqva Member through the clays of the Yafo Formation or to their upconing following intensive pumping in the Coastal Plain aquifer. It could have also been caused by up-dip movement of saline water as the result of overpressure generated by major accumulation of gas in the permeable horizons. Another possible mechanism could be hydraulic contact with pressurized brines up-flowing along fault zones from deep-seated Jurassic or Cretaceous reservoirs. The squeezing of saline interstitial water from the clays of the Yafo Formation into the overlying Kurkar Group aquifer, is of secondary importance for groundwater salinization (its input is comparable with salt input from rain).     

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深切河谷附近岩溶地区打井找水模式

深切河谷附近岩溶地区地表水快速下渗,岩溶地下水深埋且集中径流,导致水资源匮乏,易成为较干旱缺水地区。同时在该类地区,受地表水构成的地下水排泄基准面控制,地下水水位埋深大,且以快速的管道流和裂隙流为主,储存空间分布和相互间连通性高度不均匀给打井找水带来了极大困难。发现下伏碎屑岩、逆断层和上覆碎屑岩均能将岩溶地下水和深切河谷地表水之间水力联系切断,导致局部富水,成为打井找水有利靶区。基于此3种类型,结合打井找水成功实例,将其归纳为3种打井找水模式：下伏碎屑岩隔水模式、逆断层阻水模式和上覆碎屑岩阻水模式,这些模式将对在深切河谷附近岩溶地区打井找水提供帮助。