扎鲁特地区无烟煤分子结构特征和模型构建

为了构建内蒙古扎鲁特地区无烟煤的分子结构模型,采用工业分析、元素分析、核磁共振碳谱、高分辨率透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱等测试方法对该地区无烟煤的分子结构进行研究。结果表明无烟煤分子结构中以芳香碳为主,脂肪碳以短烷基侧链和环烷烃为主。煤分子结构中氧原子主要以酚羟基和醚氧基的形式存在,氮原子主要以吡咯型氮和吡啶型氮的形式存在,硫原子主要的赋存形态是硫醇硫酚。结合由核磁共振碳谱测得的煤结构参数和由高分辨率透射电镜测得的芳香环尺寸和含量,构建了无烟煤大分子平均结构模型。对构建的模型进行了结构优化与能量分析,发现煤分子结构的芳香片层趋于平行排列,非键结势能中的范德华力是保持煤结构稳定的主要因素。本研究为采用分子动力学模拟从分子尺度研究扎鲁特地区无烟煤在石墨化过程中,其芳香碳层的拼叠过程及其反应路径提供了模型基础。     

承压破碎煤体空隙结构演化及渗流特征

垮落带破碎煤岩体空隙结构演变直接影响垮落带气体渗透特性,进而影响废弃矿井采空区煤层气运移富集规律。利用自主设计研发的第二代破碎煤岩体压实−渗流−CT扫描试验系统,开展5种粒径破碎无烟煤在不同气体压力、轴向应力及空隙率条件下162组渗透实验。结果表明：(1) 气体在破碎无烟煤中运移时气体压力、流量随时间一直处于动态变化直至达到吸附平衡,流量、压力恒定。(2) 低雷诺数下气体在破碎无烟煤中流动需要拟启动压力梯度,其值处于158.89~1 408.64 Pa/m,并随着轴压增大、空隙率减小而增大。(3) 破碎无烟煤渗透率处于10⁻¹²~10⁻¹⁰ m²,且渗透率随气体压力、空隙率增加分别呈现对数、指数函数式增长趋势。(4) 颗粒粒径越大则相同装料空间内破碎煤样初始空隙越大,更易于气体流动,因此相同空隙率时破碎无烟煤渗透率随粒径的增大而增大;不同粒径颗粒渗透率平均变化幅度均随空隙率减小而减小;然而颗粒粒径越大,减小相同空隙率时破碎无烟煤渗透率变化幅度减小越明显。废弃矿井采空区煤层气地面抽采时,地面钻井应优先布设在垮落带破碎煤岩体连同纵向“高位环形裂隙体”共同构成的“U”型高渗煤层气富集区内。

     

角岩化无烟煤的发现及初步研究

角岩化无烟煤首见于湖南省骑田岭花岗岩周围晚二叠世煤层中,它是一种低级热接触变质岩。本文在研究角岩化无烟煤岩石学特征的基础上,详细分析了其岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素和碳同位素的地球化学特征及其有机物的X射线衍射、红外光谱和喇曼光谱特征。并探讨了角岩化无烟煤发现的地质意义。     

Stratigraphic control of hot fluids on anthracitization, Lackawanna synclinorium, Pennsylvania

The Lackawanna synclinorium of Pennsylvania contains abundant coal that was altered to anthracite rank during the Late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny. Why did the coal in the synclinorium undergo anthracitization? Two alternatives have been suggested. (1) The region was buried deeply during and/or after the Alleghanian orogeny and thus became hot in response to Earth's geothermal gradient; and (2) hot fluids migrating from the orogen toward the foreland carried heat into the coal and caused anthracitization. If the second hypothesis is correct, the region should contain evidence that hot fluids passed through the coal. Field observations, illite-crystallinity studies and fluid-inclusion analyses indicate that the coal-bearing Pottsville and Llewellyn Formations, and an underlying detachment fault, called the Pottchunk fault (at or slightly below the base of the Pottsville Formation), acted as a regional aquifer for the migration of hot fluids during the Alleghanian orogeny. The presence of quartz veins and the hydrothermal minerals tosudite and pyrophyllite in strata above the Pottchunk fault, and the apparent absence of an illite-crystallinity burial gradient in the underlying strata, suggest that fluids migrated through large pores in coarse-grained sandstones, through abundant fractures that developed in response to Alleghanian deformation, and along the Pottchunk fault. The quartz veins, tosudite and pyrophyllite mineralization do not occur below the Pottchunk fault (except at one locality), suggesting that fluid flow was greater above the fault, perhaps because fracturing accompanying deformation increased permeability of the fault's hanging wall. Fluid inclusions in the Pottsville and Llewellyn Formations indicate fluids achieved a minimum temperature of 270 °C at a depth of 3.1–8.5 km. Heat-flow calculations constrained by fluid-inclusion data show the heat carried by the migrating fluids through the coal-bearing strata was sufficient to elevate the rock temperature to anthracite-grade conditions (250 °C), assuming that the fluid event lasted about 1 year. Thus, deep burial (6–9 km) of the coal-bearing strata in the Lackawanna synclinorium was not required for anthracitization. Anthracitization was likely the result of stratigraphically controlled hot fluid migration through the coal-bearing strata at shallow depths (≤5 km).     

滇东北早石炭世无烟煤理化特性及应用方向

经过10余年的资源勘查和多学科的综合研究,已基本查明滇东北(昭通市)早石炭世无烟煤的分布、煤质特征及主要利用方向。与国内外其他地区、其他时代的无烟煤比较,本区无烟煤内在矿物质含量极低、有机组分中主要成分为无结构镜质体,有机质中C、H元素高达97%,H/C原子比为0.5。结合X衍射分析(XRD)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)研究结果,该区无烟煤有机质的化学组成与分子构型与沥青中间相炭微球(MCMB)类似。一系列实验表明,经选别制备的超低灰无烟煤是多种中、高端新型炭材料和炭素的优质原料。有序而保护性地开发利用该区资源,对我国经济建设和社会发展具有重要意义。     

高煤级煤的煤层气开发潜力——以沁水煤田为例

通过分析研究山西省沁水煤田的煤层气地质条件和储层特征,结合煤层气开发试验结果,对无烟煤等高煤级煤的煤层气资源开发潜力进行了评价。结果表明:无烟煤等高煤级煤只要煤储层特征参数组合匹配良好,尤其是在较简单的构造条件下,煤体结构完整,煤中裂隙网络较发育且保存较好,煤储层渗透率较高,煤层气资源开发就具有良好的前景。      

晋城无烟煤储存游离态CO2理论容量及其影响因素

深部煤层游离态CO₂理论存储容量随深度增加而变化。基于山西沁水盆地南部煤样测试基本数据,对游离态CO₂煤层存储容量进行计算,并分析其随深度变化规律。基于建立的煤层游离态CO₂存储容量计算模型显示,煤储层游离态CO₂存储容量受孔隙度、含气饱和度、地层温度、地层压力等共同作用的影响。CO₂注入后改变煤储层物性会导致理论存储量有不同程度增加,但存储量增值与实验煤样颗粒大小有关;应力作用下煤储层孔隙度随埋深呈负指数降低规律会显著降低CO₂存储容量,含气饱和度增大会显著增大存储量。     

汝箕沟煤中矿物的成因研究及其意义

本文在较大量和详细的煤岩煤质研究之后，进而用电子探针、扫描电镜及显微镜热台等对宁夏汝箕沟无烟煤中矿物的分成、晶形、微量元素、包裹体温等进行了成因研究。结果表明，汝箕沟煤中的次生矿物及原生矿物的次生变化均与中－低温热液作用有关，这将为该区煤变质成因提供直接证据。     

Simultaneous In Situ Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios in Organic Matter by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

An in situ measurement method for simultaneous determination of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in organic matter was developed by secondary ion mass spectrometry with a spatial resolution of ~ 12 μm. Secondary ion intensities of ¹²C^?₂, ¹²C¹³C^?, ¹²C¹⁴N^? and ¹²C¹⁵N^? were simultaneously measured by three Faraday cups and one electron multiplier. Ions of ¹²C₂H^? were measured to monitor hydride interferences and to correct for mass bias. The analytical precisions of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of a reference material (UWLA‐1 anthracite) were 0.16‰ and 0.56‰, respectively (2s). A negative correlation was observed between the mass bias of carbon and ¹²C₂H^?/¹²C^?₂ ratios of examined reference materials. In contrast, there was no correlation between mass bias and hydrogen concentration for nitrogen. The δ¹³C_VPDB and δ¹⁵N_Air values of twenty‐two individual globules of organic matter, found in carbonate rock of the 1878 Ma Gunflint Formation, were determined by the new procedure, ranging from ?33.8‰ to ?33.3‰ and +4.2‰ to 5.8‰, respectively. Means of δ¹³C_VPDB and δ¹⁵N_Air values, ?33.5 ± 0.25‰ and +5.2 ± 0.81‰, are consistent with reported values from bulk sample analysis within analytical precision.     

炼钢增碳剂—一种类石墨的研制

以优质无烟煤为原料,经选矿提纯,提高煤的碳含量,现经石墨化处理制得炼钢增碳剂。产品主要技术指标：ｗ（Ｃ）≥９０％,ｗ（灰分）〈７％,ｗ（挥发分）〈３％,ｗ（Ｓ）＝０．４３％,ｗ（Ｐ）＝０．０６％,颗粒电阻〈１．０Ω／粒,抗压强度为２１．０ｋｇ／粒。