Water quality impacts from mining in the Black Hills,South Dakota,USA

The focus of this research was to determine if abandoned mines constitute a major environmental hazard in the Black Hills. Many abandoned gold mines in the Black Hills contribute acid and heavy metals to streams. In some areas of sulfide mineralization local impacts are severe, but in most areas the impacts are small because most ore deposits consist of small quartz veins with few sulfides. Pegmatite mines appear to have negligible effects on water due to the insoluble nature of pegmatite minerals. Uranium mines in the southern Black Hills contribute some radioactivity to surface water, but the impact is limited because of the dry climate and lack of runoff in that area.     

Application research of narrow band Internet of things buoy and surface hydrodynamics monitoring

This paper applies the narrow band Internet of things communication technology to develop a wireless network equipment and communication system, which can quickly set up a network with a radius of 100 km on water surface. A disposable micro buoy based on narrow-band Internet of things and Beidou positioning function is also developed and used to collect surface hydrodynamic data online. In addition, a web-based public service platform is designed for the analysis and visualization of the data collected by buoys. Combined with the satellite remote sensing data, the study carries a series of marine experiments and studies such as sediment deposition tracking and garbage floating tracking.     

北京市矿山地质环境评价

通过对1443处（1661个）矿山的实地调查,采用地质环境指数法进行评估,利用ArcGIS软件,使用＂natural breaks＂（自然断点法）分级法,圈定出矿山地质环境影响严重区、较严重区和轻微区,提出了治理对策建议。     

利用废弃地下空间建设战略原油储备库的构想

当前各国原油储库主要分为地面储库、地下盐穴储库和地下水封洞窟3种类型.根据我国实际情况分析,这3种类型储库均难以在我国推广.通过分析中国东北地区现有废弃矿山情况,结合地下原油储库的工程技术条件,提出了利用废弃矿山改造地下空间,用以建设战略原油储库的构想.建议尽快开展东北地区废弃矿山地下空间综合调查工作,启动相关地下油气储库封闭实验等测试研究工作.     

苏北废黄河三角洲海岸时空演变遥感分析

基于遥感与地理信息系统技术,使用苏北废黄河三角洲海岸地区1978,1987和2000年的Landsat卫星遥感数据,选取岸线指标与波段,提取岸线信息,生成1978-1987年和1987-2000年海岸土地增减时空变化分布图,建立岸线变化距离及增速衡量指标,定量分析了废黄河三角洲海岸面积变化特征,以及灌河口-中山河口、中山河口-扁担港口和扁担港口-双洋河口以南岸段的时空变化格局与分布特征.研究结果表明,废黄河三角洲海岸的自然侵蚀速率呈减小趋势,但侵蚀作用仍在继续.侵蚀强度以废黄河口地区为中心,向南北两侧逐渐减弱.人工保滩护岸措施在一定程度上影响着自然侵蚀格局.其内部各岸段分别呈现缓蚀、侵蚀和基本侵淤平衡的变化格局.     

杏南开发区葡Ⅰ31小层废弃河道类型及其研究意义

油田开采进入高含水期后,储层构型的精细描述对改善油田开采效果具有重大意义。废弃河道作为单一河道的边界以及识别点坝砂体的重要依据,其顶部的泥质沉积或者砂泥岩互层沉积对储层内部流体具有遮挡作用,因此正确识别废弃河道是进一步分析储层构型及挖潜油田剩余油的重要科学依据。以杏南开发区葡Ⅰ31小层为例,通过分析废弃河道在平面及剖面的沉积特征,利用砂顶相对等深图法,综合废弃河道的砂体平面分布形态和测井曲线响应特征,在葡Ⅰ31小层内识别出26处规模不等的废弃河道,宽度一般在100 m左右,其中3处突弃型废弃河道与渐弃型相比,弯曲程度更大,砂体延伸更短,沉积厚度为2~8 m不等。由于砂泥互层或泥质沉积的侧向遮挡作用,废弃河道砂体与正常河道砂体组成的半连通体导致有注无采或有采无注的注采不平衡现象,使得河道砂体顶部成为剩余油聚集的有利场所,成为进一步挖潜的重点对象。     

Geostatistical estimation of chemical contamination in stream sediments: The case study of Vale das Gatas mine (northern Portugal)

Based on an environmental geochemistry case study carried out in the neighbourhood of a W–Sn abandoned mine, the pollution in stream sediments was modelled through a Global Contamination Index. Such an index permits one to summarize the combination of deleterious elements in a single variable, obtained by the projection of samples onto the first axis of a PCASD (Principal Components Analysis of Standardized Data) applied to the entire n × p matrix containing the available concentrations of p = 16 elements in the set of n = 220 collected samples.In order to provide a sound basis for a coherent planning of the remediation process which will be put in operation in the affected area, it is necessary to balance the costs of reclaiming with the probabilities of exceeding the upper limits accepted for concentrations of environmentally harmful elements in sediments. Given these limits, they are back-transformed in the index values, providing a practical threshold between ‘clean’ and ‘contaminated’ samples. On the other hand, the minimum dimension of the cell to be reclaimed is restrained by the selected remediation process to be applied in the affected area. Hence, to meet the constraints of such a remediation process, it is required to estimate the probabilities of exceeding the index threshold in technologically meaningful sub-areas. For this end, the Indicator Block Kriging technique was applied, producing a series of maps where sub-areas to be reclaimed can be spotted for different probability levels. These maps, on which the decision making remediation agency can rely for its cost-benefit analysis, take into account both the spatial structure of ‘clean’ vs. ‘contaminated’ samples and the constraints of the reclaiming process.     

浙江庆元古银坑硐群遗迹特征及价值评价

通过对庆元古银坑硐群遗迹的详细调查,查明了该硐群特征。遗迹区共有古矿硐群7处,其中4个规模较大的矿硐长度均在百米以上,最大矿硐共分3层进行开采,垂直落差百米以上。遗迹区内各种规格探采硐保存完整,探矿遗迹数量多,矿业遗迹类型丰富。通过对该遗迹区的价值评价,该矿硐群遗迹可达到国家级矿业遗迹标准。     

福建省南安市废弃矿山土地利用适宜性评价

通过对福建省南安市废弃矿山及周边环境进行野外实地调查,以资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价(简称"双评价")成果为基础,根据矿山开发占地类型对废弃矿山土地进行分类。挖损的土地根据"木桶原理"判别出短板因子并建立评价模型,压占的土地根据周边环境以"宜农则农、宜林则林、宜园则园、宜建则建"的原则再利用,分别评价南安市废弃矿山土地农业发展和城镇建设的适宜方向。评价结果表明:南安市宜作为城镇建设的废弃矿山图斑有513处,可利用土地面积14.95 km2;宜作为农业发展的废弃矿山图斑有451处,可利用土地面积15.17 km2,后期可根据政府规划投入使用。