The Evaluation of Food and Livelihood Security in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Site

Based on the basic selection criteria of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and food and livelihood security research trends, this paper established an evaluation framework and indicator system for food and livelihood security in GIAHS and selected the first GIAHS site in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case for empirical evaluation. The results demonstrate that the food and livelihood security of farmers at this site was at a medium level, with an average evaluation value of 2.91, which still lagged behind the level of better food and livelihood security. Specifically, the average values of farmers’ evaluation of food security and livelihood security were 1.43 and 1.48, respectively, which show that farmers’ food security in the study area was at a medium level and that of livelihood security was relatively good. Simultaneously, the more simple a farmers’ economic activities (i.e., agriculture-oriented economic activities or non-agriculture-oriented economic activities), the worse their food and livelihood security; while the more diversified the economic activities (i.e., engaged in part-time economic activities), the better the food and livelihood security.     

甘肃省迭部县扎尕那生态人居多层次景观空间解构

甘肃省迭部县扎尕那村是中国藏区传统村寨聚落的典型代表之一,基于多功能景观概念和中国风水理论,从区域环境层次、居住区域层次、组团邻里层次和住屋单元层次4个层次对扎尕那聚落空间进行解构。研究表明,在区域环境层次上,其空间要素组成在水平和垂直方向上均表现出以人类活动为中心的圈层结构;在居住区域层次上,受自然力与传统理念的影响,村落的聚落为簇群模式发展,形成典型的线性"飘积"聚落形态;在组团邻里层次上,每个独立的自然村落都由1~2个连续的界面贯穿村落;在住屋单元层次上,扎尕那藏式榻板房院落空间水平结构大致分为左右结构和前后结构两类,包括居住活动区和种植区两部分,垂直结构依照起居、宗教和生产储藏功能一般为二或三层。为扎尕那聚落的保护和发展模式的制定奠定了理论基础,并提出了进一步的保护和规划建议,即将扎尕那聚落整体作为一个传统生态文化遗产综合保护区;利用民族信仰进行生态保护;合理地进行空间生态引导规划,实现生态人居聚落模式的完善。     

甘肃迭部扎尕那地区山地土壤过程的垂直分带性研究

为了研究迭部扎尕那地区山地土壤过程的垂直分带性, 对不同海拔分布的土壤类型进行垂直分带取样, 并针对不同植被类型和特殊地理因素进行横向取样, 分析土壤的化学成分及其结构. 应用GIS软件数字化研究区地形图, 提取海拔、 坡度、 坡向等地形因子, 结合土地利用资料得到土地利用类型图. 通过采样点数据与数字化地形因子图与土地利用类型图的叠加, 结合属性数据的统计分析, 讨论影响土壤过程垂直分带性各要素的垂直性规律和分布. 结果表明: 有机碳含量和全氮含量呈极好的线性正相关, 并随海拔的升高而增加. 此外, 在同一海拔范围内, 土壤有机碳含量随着土地利用类型和坡向的变化呈规律性变化. 其中, 不同土地利用类型下的土壤有机碳含量依次为有林地>高寒草甸>高覆盖度草地>农村居民点>平原耕地>山地耕地; 不同坡向上, 土壤有机碳含量依次为阴坡>半阴坡>半阳坡>阳坡.