宣化-赤城高压麻粒岩带中蓝晶石-正条纹长石组合的发现及地质意义

宣化－赤城的高压麻粒岩带的变质泥质岩中存在“蓝晶石＋正条纹长石”的特征高压组合，形成条件为Ｐ≥１．０ＧＰａ，表明变质泥质岩同变质基性岩一样经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用。     

冀西北水晶屯金矿地质特征及成矿作用研究

水晶屯金矿位于我国重要的金矿集中区——河北省张宣（张家口-宣化）幔枝构造区南部,是张宣地区比较有代表性的中型金矿,张宣幔枝构造演化过程中形成的一系列多期次、多阶段的褶皱和断裂构造体系对该矿的形成和演化起着重要的控制作用。该文以幔枝构造理论为指导,在总结前人资料基础上,通过野外调查,室内综合分析,认为其外围及深部仍具有较大找矿潜力。     

河北中山沟金矿含金石英脉中锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究

热液石英脉型金矿石中锆石可以来自围岩,也可以由热液活动形成.因此,对其研究有助于揭示成岩成矿信息.中山沟金矿位于河北省张家口—宣化(张宣)地区,主要呈石英脉型产于水泉沟岩体西段,是张宣幔枝构造核部的典型金矿床之一.本文在矿区地质特征基础上,主要开展含金石英脉内锆石形态学特征、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年以及H...     

利用砂岩中波痕的特征估算沉积环境的物理参数--以宣化地区长城系下部石英砂岩为例

从20 世纪70 年代开始，沉积学步入了定量和半定量的阶段，欧洲学者在20 世纪80 年代对阿尔卑斯地区海相沉积和英国的设得兰地区的陆相沉积的波痕构造作了大量的开创性工作，建立了一系列的数学表达规律。本文利用了他们的研究成果，在宣化地区长城系下部石英砂岩中进行了应用研究。结果表明，处于特殊沉积环境下的石英砂岩A、B、C 的环境物理参数有规律地变化，石英砂岩A!石英砂岩B!石英砂岩C，水质点的运动速度由大到小，再由小变大；运动周期（T）由长变短，又由短变长；水深由深至浅，又由浅至深；波浪的高度由大变小；又由小变大；水体的能量由大到小，又由小到大。计算结果与实际观察较吻合。结合粒度分析，三层石英砂岩中砂质颗粒在水体中主要作跳跃运动，其次是跳跃运动与悬浮运动的转换运动，部分质点作悬浮运动，反映了水体浅，能量较高。     

Gas-generation potential of shales in small and medium-sized basins: a case study from the Xuanhua Basin,north China

Abstract

Small- and medium-sized basins are widely distributed, and some contain commercial gas reservoirs demonstrating their gas-generation potential. The Xuanhua Basin, which is a small-sized coal-bearing basin in north China, includes a promising target for shale-gas exploration in the Xiahuayuan Formation. In this study, we used this basin as a case study to assess the critical geochemical features for small or medium-sized basins to form commercial gas reservoirs. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, microscopic observation of macerals, vitrinite reflectance measurement and kerogen stable carbon isotope analysis were performed to characterise the organic geochemistry of the Xiahuayuan shales. The original total organic carbon (TOC_o) content and hydrocarbon-generative potential (S_2o) were reconstructed to further evaluate the gas-generation potential of these shales. In addition, geochemical data of shales from other similar-sized basins with gas discoveries were compared. The results showed that the kerogen from the Xiahuayuan Formation is Type III (gas-prone), and macerals are dominated by vitrinite. TOC values showed a strong heterogeneity in the vertical profiles, with most higher than 1.5?wt%. The measured R_o values ranged from 1.4 to 2.0%. However, thermal maturity was not correlated with the present-day burial depth with higher maturity in the wells closest to the diabase intrusion centre. The remaining generation potential (S₂) averaged 0.91?mg HC/g rock, equal to 1.4?cm³ CH₄/g rock, and the average amount of hydrocarbon generated was 4.33?cm³ CH₄/g rock. In small and medium-sized basins, the TOC content of commercially developed gas shales ranged from 0.5 to 2.5?wt%, organic matter was mainly humic (gas-prone), and the burial depth was generally shallow. Biogenic gas reservoirs for commercial exploitation tend to have larger shale thicknesses (120–800?m) than thermogenic gas reservoirs (60–90?m).

1. The Xiahuayuan Formation is a good gas-source rock with gas-prone kerogen type, relatively high TOC values and moderate thermal maturity.

2. The average amount of hydrocarbon generated from the Xiahuayuan shales is about 4.33?cm³ CH₄/g rock, indicating a potential to form a shale gas reservoir.

3. Owing to the influence of diabase intrusions, the Xiahuayuan shales have entered the dry gas window at relatively shallow-buried depths.

4. Small- and medium-sized basins have the potential to generate commercial gas reservoirs with the generated volume mainly a product of the thickness and maturity of black shales.

     

冰消期以来宣化盆地的植被与环境

在河北省宣化盆地黄家堡附近,作者通过对具有放射性碳测年支持的孢粉剖面的研究,揭示了该区14000aBP以来的植被和气候变化。在14000aBP~9000aBP间,宣化盆地是以油松为主的针阔混交林草原景观,海拔较高的山上还有云杉、冷杉组成的暗针叶林生长,推测当时的气候条件温凉湿润;至9000aBP~2400aBP间,宣化盆地的古植被演变成以蒿为主的草原景观,在水分、土壤条件较好的地方生长着由柳、榆、栎、桦等组成的落叶阔叶林,推测当时的气候温和湿润;2400aBP以后,宣化盆地的植被演变成以藜科为主的荒漠化草原景观,气候以凉干为特征。      

河北省宣化地区原煤与燃煤污染及其生态环境效应评价

通过对河北省宣化原煤及燃煤污染区表土和近地降尘的野外调查和样品分析,查明了表土及降尘中Hg、Cd、V、Zn、Mo、U、Mn、Cr等13种重金属元素及16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的地球化学特征。结果表明,原煤区土壤以Hg、Cd污染为主,污染区在煤带两侧约100 m范围内,燃煤区土壤以Hg、Cd、V污染为主,污染范围在燃煤企业下风口超过2 km。原煤区表土中Hg、Cd、Zn、Mo、U及PAHs与燃煤区表土中Hg、V、Mo、U、Mn、Cr及PAHs主要通过大气沉降带入。区内土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶及β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均受到不同程度抑制,其中以β-葡萄糖苷酶最为明显,且燃煤区较原煤区抑制更为显著,反映了煤污染对土壤碳循环过程影响较大。     

震动变形构造所表征的震积岩:以河北宣化中元古界高于庄组第三段为例

地震变形构造主要包括小级别的张性或压性断层、不协调的软沉积物变形褶皱等,这些变形构造以震动变形作用为特点从而成为识别和定义地震岩的主要标志。在河北宣化一带的高于庄组第三段下部的白云质灰岩或灰质白云岩层之中,发育了极为典型的地震变形构造,包括层内断层、层内褶皱以及极为典型的碎裂角砾岩等。高于庄组第三段地震变形构造的发现,为探索和研究地震作用对沉积岩层的破坏和改造而区分于其他的事件沉积如海啸沉积和风暴沉积提供了极为重要的实例,也为更加深入理解高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列的产出背景提供了重要资料。