Advances in the fatigue assessment of wire ropes

This paper presents the findings from an in-depth analysis of the (axial) stiffness data recorded during tension–tension fatigue tests on wire ropes, particularly in relation to how changes in stiffness during testing relate to changes in rope strength. A linear relationship between stiffness and strength is shown to exist and a methodology presented for quantifying residual strength with applied cycles. New lower bound fatigue lines for six-strand rope and spiral strand are presented which are based on a 10% loss of strength. These new lines have the advantage of having been established using a common discard criterion for wire ropes.     

Snow loads on wire mesh and cable net rockfall slope protection systems

Snow load on mesh systems is complicated by many factors. This paper presents field instrumentation data on snow load variation with temperature, snowfall and snow depth on a mesh system. It was found that snow load pattern on mesh systems changed with temperature even without variation in snow depth. It reached its maximum value when the temperature rose just above freezing to melt the interface. The field data was used to formulate appropriate snow load models for the various conditions of temperature in the field. The snow load models were used to study the performance of a number of mesh systems in North America and estimate the interface friction that was prevalent for the different surface conditions.     

Flexible membranes anchored to the ground for slope stabilisation: Numerical modelling of soil slopes using SPH

An alternative modelling for flexible membranes anchored to the ground for soil slope stabilisation is presented using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics to model the unstable ground mass in a soil slope, employing a dynamic solve engine. A regression model of pressure normal to the ground, q_sim, and also membrane deflection, f_sim, have been developed using Design of Experiment. Finally, a comparison between the pressure obtained from numerical simulation and from a limit equilibrium analysis considering infinite slope has been carried out, showing differences in the results, mainly due to the membrane stiffness.     

辽宁电线覆冰日数气候特征与大气环流异常的关系

利用1980—2019年辽宁地区11个有电线覆冰观测项目的气象站资料、NCEP再分析资料和Hadley海温资料,分析辽宁电线覆冰日的气候特征以及利于覆冰发生的环流特征和影响因素。结果表明：辽宁电线覆冰现象出现次数存在三个高值地区,分别为辽宁北部地区、辽东山区和辽宁中西部沿海地区。辽宁电线覆冰主要发生在10月至翌年4月,1980—2019年辽宁电线覆冰日数呈显著减少趋势。电线覆冰日数具有显著的年际变化周期,主要的年际变化周期为5—7 a,近40 a年际振荡能量经历了3次增强—减弱的变化。辽宁覆冰高指数年与低指数年秋季9—11月SST距平之差表现为El Nino型分布。覆冰日数异常偏多年,太平洋海温呈现El Nino型,西北太平洋海表温度整体偏冷,日本海区海表温度存在明显负异常;同时大陆上贝加尔湖上空存在高压中心,北半球亚洲地区纬向为“北高南低”的形式,冬季风偏强,冷空气南下频繁。辽宁受到贝加尔湖异常反气旋环流东南侧东北气流控制,鄂霍茨克海上空存在弱反气旋环流,导致日本海上空有异常东风,当南下冷空气与东侧日本海输送的偏冷水汽交汇,容易导致温度较冷的大雾,引发雾凇现象,过冷水汽在电线上凝结,导致电线覆冰现象的发生。     

浅谈如何进行电线积冰的观测记录和处理

电线积冰是国务院气象主管机构指定的观测项目之一,山西省目前有18个国家基本（准）站需进行电线积冰项目的观测。因地形地貌和气候特点等原因,电线积冰现象在一些台站出现频次较少,观测人员容易忽视对电线积冰观测知识和技术的学习,在遇到该现象时不能准确客观地进行记载。为此笔者总结了电线积冰记录处理中一些比较特殊的地方,希望对观测人员业务工作有所帮助。     

Load testing of anchors for wire mesh and cable net rockfall slope protection systems

This study presents results of field tests conducted on anchors used to support wire mesh and cable net rockfall protection systems. The load transfer and failure characteristics of these anchors are different from those used in most civil applications in that loads are often applied transversely to the top of tendon rather than axially. The study included vertical as well as horizontal series of tests conducted on some anchors widely used in wire mesh and cable net rockfall protect systems. It was found that the deformation characteristics of these anchors under vertical loading are nonlinear. They are approximated by a hyperbolic formulation and used to calculate the ultimate capacity. Top-downward progressive cracking of the grout was observed during loading and influences the deformation characteristics of these anchors under horizontal loading. The anchors deflected excessively before they could attain their ultimate capacity in the horizontal direction. Based on the field tests, it appears that the deformation under horizontal loading in the systems can be limited by using an enlarged grout zone at the top.     

我国南方输电线路覆冰极值序列重建试验

基于我国南方有覆冰数据记录的气象站冰厚年极值及同期气象要素观测资料,统计分析多种气象因子对覆冰年极值形成条件频次分布的影响,归纳出了最易于出现覆冰年极值的温度、风速和湿度条件。在此基础上,通过对西南地区威宁、金佛山、峨眉山和三穗4站覆冰年极值与其相应气象变量的进一步分析,建立了覆冰极值序列的回归模型。根据现有气象站电线结冰资料及其对应时段的常规气象要素资料,对气象站电线结冰年极值序列进行重建试验,试验结果表明不同气候背景下覆冰极值序列的回归模型有显著差异。独立样本的交叉检验结果显示,威宁站年极值序列的回归模型效果较理想,重建序列能够较好地模拟覆冰的极值序列。     

基于线框图的三维实体重构算法

通常情况下 Wire- frame(线框图 )不能唯一描述 3D object。本文给出 1种基于 Wire- frame的 3D object重构求解算法。该算法获得唯一解时 ,则表明 Wire- frame对应唯一的 3D object;多个解时 ,则给出所有的可行解     

Prototype of a wire-rope rockfall protective fence developed with three-dimensional numerical modeling

This study uses a numerical procedure, previously validated with data from full-scale experiments, to investigate the performance of a modified prototype wire-rope fence to provide protection against rockfall. The cost-reducing modifications are increased post spacing and fewer wire netting layers. The numerical procedure provides the nonlinear response of the prototype under various impact conditions and insights into each component’s role in dissipating impact energy. A simple but effective method to increase fence capacity is also developed. Finally, the use of two units of the prototype to protect a wide area is investigated employing the numerical procedure.     

Efficient discrete modelling of composite structures for rockfall protection

This paper presents a discrete framework for the modelling of composite structures for rockfall protection. The model is applied to analyse the dynamic response of a cylindrical damping module upon impact of a boulder. The damping module consists of a cylindrical wire mesh, two steel rings, a boundary rope, a geotextile lining and a granular filling material. The chain-link wire mesh, the steel rings and the boundary rope are represented with deformable cylinder elements. The geotextile lining is incorporated into the openings of the wire mesh by using deformable facets. The filling material is represented using spherical particles.