粤东海涂土壤及其利用

粤东海岸东起闽粤交界的大埕湾,西迄深圳市的大鹏湾,岸线曲折,港湾较多,河溪人海泥沙在潮间带及紧邻5m 等深线以内形成大片海涂,土壤类型多样,以泥质和沙泥质土壤为主;除河口湾的土壤含盐量低外,其余较高;土壤有机质含量中等,钾素较丰富,磷素较低。因地处亚热带南缘,光、热和水资源条件较好,且多数海湾有深入内地的小海湾和潮沟,甚适合发展海水养殖与晒盐,韩江口的义丰河和海门龟头海大闸外等滩地尚有围垦价值。多处海湾潮滩沙土适合作海滨浴场,也有小片滩地红树林适合旅游观赏。     

山东省产业重心转移与可持续发展研究

 本文利用经济空间结构的重心研究方法,分析了山东省近八年来产业重心的转移,提出了山东省产业可持续发展战略     

Greening as strategic development in industrial change - Why companies participate in eco-networks

Networking between companies and other regional key actors has grown into a widespread instrument for economic development since the 1990s. Participatory networks have formed the concept for many activities of Local Agenda 21. Simultaneously, economic geography has focused on network theories to explain innovation in and the economic success of regions.This article focuses on the reasons why individual actors participate in environmentally oriented information networks. The questions approached are: Does the concept of learning within networks influence a firm’s development? How do the participants interact with each other? What effects do the networks have on their environment (arenas)?The changing arenas of a firm are analysed with regard to environmental concerns. These changes need to be anticipated for reliable strategies. To gain information and knowledge about current behaviour and activities, the functions of networks as learning platforms are discussed. Drawing upon arguments from different network theories, the motivations of participating in a network are threefold: actor and firm oriented, network internal (inter-firm), and network external. From these, a generic target cube of network motivations and actions is set up.The concept is reviewed by examining 12 ‘regional environmental information-oriented corporation networks’ (RUN) in the Greater Munich Area. The empirical material reveals that this type of network does not provide a guarantee for significant improvements in a firm’s environmental behaviour. However, participants learn about best practices while pursuing explicit or implicit aims as to influence their arenas.     

豫北平原浅层地下水资源可持续开发利用

豫北平原隶属黄河、海河两大流域,在平原区松散岩类中蕴藏着较丰富的地下水.随着工农业和城市化的发展,地下水资源的开发利用程度在逐步升高,合理地开发利用地下水资源的重要性日趋显著.主要论述了浅层含水岩组的特征、水动力条件、开发利用现状及与地下水开采相关的环境地质问题.分析了天然资源量的组成,说明了可采资源量的计算方法,指出有开采潜力区和超采区的分布.针对所存在的问题,提出了浅层地下水资源可持续开发利用的措施.     

区域可持续发展评价:进展与展望

可持续发展的评价是目前可持续发展研究的热点和前沿。当前评价可持续发展的单项指标和指标体系在指标与可持续性的关系、指标权重的选择、指标的定量化、可持续性的总体判别方法、资本替代性与替代速度、指标阈值的确定等方面具有不同的局限性 ,这也是可持续发展评价的主要难点。可持续发展的评价必然要落实到不同尺度的空间地理单元上 ,区域发展是评价的对象 ,因而可持续发展的评价必然具有显著的区域性 ,不同区域的评价指标或指标体系必然会有所不同。社会、经济与人口的发展是人类社会发展的主要目标 ,而发展的可持续性依赖于自然环境的质量 ,包括自然资源的再生或替代、生命支持系统与生物多样性的维持或改善。据此 ,论文构建了区域可持续发展评价的理论框架和发展——可持续性二维评价坐标体系 ,并提出了“自上而下”和“自下而上”的指标遴选方法。     

实施农业名牌战略,创建梅州特色农业品牌的构想

实施农业名牌战略，既是适应社会经济发展和提高农业综合效益的需要，也是实现区域农业可持续发展的必然选择，必须遵循“市场导向、特色优势、绿色发展”3大原则。梅州市具有发展特色农业，构建名牌的有利条件，应在制定创名牌规划、开发无公害优质农产品、创造培育农业名牌的制度环境和经营机制3方面寻求对策。     

区域环境变迁与持续发展的互动关系

区域历史进程中持续发展与环境变迁表现出了复杂的互动关系，两种动态过程紧密地交织在一起，通过人类活动互相作用，互相影响，持续发展，环境变迁与人类活动的内容在不同时代表现出不同的主题，并受到自然和人为因素的调节与控制，文中还简要阐明了当代可持续发展的主题，指出解决PRED问题要注意控制人口数量，提高人口素质；消除贫困，达到全球环境共有共治共保共享。     

梅州市名城文化景观的保护与开发研究

从名城文化内涵出发，着眼于作为客家人文中心和名城文化景观的集中的梅州市区，全面分析了其中丰富多样的文化景观资源的特征及其文化内蕴。揭示了梅州名城文化景观保护与开发过程中的成绩与存在问题。并从文化地理学的视觉，结合旅游开发和城市规划，论证了科学保护与开发梅州名城文化景观的下述对策与途径的必要性与可行性：提升名城办的职能并与相关部门共营名城文化氛围；强化名城轴线与标志性文化景观；抢救与保护“老字号”等一批文化景观景区；适度利用，以积极的开发促其效的保护。     

SARS的世界性和中国旅游商品的可持续开发

SARS是一种世界性灾难题，医学专家提示，它将与人类长期共存。但2003年春天的SARS却对华人经济圈造成巨大冲击。在这种疫情的紧急状态和长期影响下，中国国民经济各行业中，旅游业所受冲击很大。人民的生命安全重于经济利益，但如何最大限度缩小损失是我们旅游研究者的责任。基于这种背景，结合我国旅游商品长期存在的问题，本文重点探讨了在SARS的紧急状态下，中国旅游商品如何实施可持续开发。作者认为，中国旅游商品开发应坚持走由被动型向主动型转变、计划型向市场型转变、模糊型向标准型转变、短期型向长期型转变的可持续发展之路。     

The impact of decentralised forest management on charcoal production practices in Eastern Senegal

In accordance with Senegal’s decentralisation policy, important forest management tasks, including the right to allocate charcoal production rights, have been transferred to rural councils. This paper investigates the impact of these institutional reforms on charcoal production practices using the environmental entitlement framework developed by Leach et al. [Environmental entitlements: dynamics and institutions in community-based natural resource management. World Development 27 (2) (1999) 225]. The councils have not been able to turn their new endowments into entitlements because they lack sufficient strength and legitimacy. Informal institutions, notably the coalition between merchants, state agents and village chiefs, continue to run the charcoal business and are hardly affected by decentralisation efforts. Most rural people, especially those relying solely on agriculture for sustenance, do not benefit at all from the charcoal trade. They do suffer from the environmental costs it brings with it, however. Although tensions between pro-exploitation actors and pro-conservation actors are evident, the pro-exploitation actors’ firm grip on the informal institutions will probably lead to a prolonged subversion of the laws that seek to enhance local control and to sustain the forest.