阿留申—阿拉斯加俯冲带及周边地区地幔过渡带结构研究

利用国家测震台网固定台站和"中国地震科学台阵探测"项目在南北地震带北段布设的宽频带流动台阵记录到的极远震事件,通过SS前驱波震相研究,获得了阿留申—阿拉斯加俯冲带东段及邻区下方410 km和660 km间断面的埋深和起伏形态特征.为增强对SS前驱波震相的识别,我们采用了时差校正和共反射点叠加分析.叠加结果显示,毗邻阿留...     

Seismic Risk Maps of Taiwan Areasin the Period from 2001 to 2010

INTRODUCTIONSeveMmethdsdPOtential analyslsfor medium－and short－termpredlctlon dl’l;lln shocks weredevelopedbaseduponthe pnnclpledInaccufatemeasurementoffOCfOCustheoryaMthepattemdmainshocks．These analytic methods can be used to predict strong earthop拙es In shallow layers on thesubducting plate boundeq In squeezed zones．More than a half of strong earthquakes In the world。located inthe shallow depth tthe suMuctingplate boundw In s仰eezed zones．This paPerfirst Statesthe philoso…     

大华北浅源地震与日本海西部及我国东北深震的关系

分析了大华北浅源地震与日本海西部及我国东北深震的关系,认为本世纪来日本海西部—我国东北深震经历了5个相对活跃期,大华北各地震区相应经历这5个活跃期的影响期。根据大华北M≧6级浅源地震与深震活动的相关性,建立了太平洋板块楔形俯冲带端部重大深震事件导致大华北浅源M≧6级地震发生的板块俯冲模型,应变波传播速度约94km/年,地表视速度约100km/年。重大深震事件突出、模型稳定性强,预测实验表明模型公式可做大华北地震监测参考。用本模型可以解释浅源地震迁移、各地震区地震与深震活动相关等现象。     

双地震带的影响因素探讨

讨论了全球39个俯冲带内的双地震带层间距、应力类型与俯冲参数的相互关系,这些俯冲参数包括动力学参数(板块年龄、热参数、板片拉力)、运动学参数(俯冲板块速度、上覆板块运动速度、海沟迁移速度、弧后形变特征)、几何形态参数(浅俯冲角、深俯冲角、俯冲深度、长度)及上覆板块性质等.结果表明:(1)I型双地震带易形成于年龄较古老(...     

东天山卡拉塔格钠质火山岩岩石学、地球化学及成因

东天山卡拉塔格早泥盆世卡拉塔格组火山岩主要岩性为海相富钠质的安山岩、流纹岩和英安岩，夹少量的钠质玄武安山岩和钠质玄武岩以及正常系列的玄武安山岩。钠质火山岩的特征是：Na2O=1．69～6．38％，Na2O／K，O〉1，多在2～100间：无论是斑晶还是基质，斜长石均为富钠长石；酸性岩石斑晶主要是钠长石和石英，中基性岩石斑晶主要是钠长石（少量更长石）：酸性岩以斑状结构、霏细结构、球粒结构为主，而中基性岩以交织结构、玻晶交织结构为主。各类岩石全岩化学分析计算结果均含标准矿物Q、Hy、Hm，一部分含Di或C，在TAS图上全都投于亚碱性区；∑REE=25、96-96．11ppm，LaN／YbN=1．68-5．32，Eu／E^＊=0．46-1．25，LaN／SmN=1．01-2．95；强不相容元素适度富集，Nb和Ta强烈亏损，部分样品Cs、Rb、K、Zr和Hf适度亏损。这些特征表明，该区钠质火山岩的原始岩浆可能来自富钠俯冲洋壳熔体与地幔楔岩石反应的产物部分熔融。这样的岩浆形成机制与前人有关卡拉塔格是早泥盆世岛弧的认识相一致。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000034

<正>We synthesize significant recent results on the deep structure and origin of the active volcanoes in mainland China.Magmatism in the western Pacific arc and back-arc areas is caused by dehydration of the subducting slab and by corner flow in the mantle wedge,whereas the intraplate magmatism in China has different origins.The active volcanoes in Northeast China(such as the Changbai and Wuda-lianchi) are caused by hot upwelling in the big mantle wedge(BMW) above the stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone and deep slab dehydration as well.The Tengchong volcano in Southwest China is caused by a similar process in the BMW above the subducting Burma microplate(or Indian plate). The Hainan volcano in southernmost China is a hotspot fed by a lower-mantle plume which may be associated with the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs' deep subduction in the east and the Indian slab's deep subduction in the west down to the lower mantle.The stagnant slab finally collapses down to the bottom of the mantle,which can trigger the upwelling of hot mantle materials from the lower mantle to the shallow mantle beneath the subducting slabs and may cause the slab—plume interactions.     

古特提斯洋俯冲碰撞在南羌塘的岩浆岩证据:西藏荣玛乡冈塘错花岗岩

西藏荣玛乡冈塘错花岗岩岩体分布于南羌塘地块中,由中粗粒巨斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和中细粒含电气石二云母二长花岗岩组成。中粗粒花岗岩的锆石测年结果为214.4±4.0Ma,中细粒花岗岩锆石测年结果为222.2±6.6Ma,均为晚三叠世。中粗粒花岗岩A/CNK为1.00~1.09,刚玉标准分子的百分含量均大于1%(1.84~3.04%),Al2O3的含量均大于14%,属于含白云母过铝质花岗岩。中细粒花岗岩的A/CNK1.1,刚玉标准分子的百分含量均大于1%(2.40~3.42%),Al2O3的含量均大于14%,属于强过铝质S型花岗岩。虽主量元素特征相近,但两类花岗岩的微量元素特征差异较大。根据锆石饱和温度计得出中粗粒花岗岩为高温类型的花岗岩,中细粒花岗岩为低温类型的花岗岩。结合区域地质背景推断中细粒花岗岩形成可能与三叠纪俯冲碰撞作用有关,而中粗粒花岗岩为碰撞后拆沉岩浆底侵的结果。冈塘错岩体中两种成因类型不同的花岗岩的形成时代对古特提斯洋的演化以及缝合带增生杂岩的形成具有时代约束意义。     

Seismic Evidence for Plume and Subducting Slab in West Yunnan, Southwestern China

Western Yunnan is located within a gigantic Tethys orogenic zone between Gondwana and Laurasia. Magmatic activity records of the associated Wilson orogenic cycle show that the causes of plate spreading in the region might have been related to sub-mantle plume. Tectonics, geophysics, sedimentary strata, tectonic evolution of the lithosphere and other research results indicate that there is geological evidence for mantle plume magmatic activities in West Yunnan. Tomography also supports the idea that there is a subducting slab near the Red River fault and an upwelling mantle plume in West Yunnan. Here our research presents seismic evidence for upwelling mantle plume, which is a main cause leading to subducting slab in West Yunnan. The analysis is based on compressional-to-shear (P-to-S) converted seismic phases, recorded on seismograph stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan seismic network, and made a study on 410-km and 660-km discontinuities, as well as on three sections of CCP stacking.     

Geology,geochemistry and petrogenesis of post-collisional adakitic intrusions and related dikes in the Khoynarood area,NW Iran

The Khoynarood area is located in the northwest of Iran, lying at the northwestern end of the Urumieh–Dokhtar volcano-plutonic belt and being part of the Qaradagh–South Armenia domain. The main intrusive rocks outcropped in the area have compositions ranging from monzonite–quartz monzonite, through granodiorite, to diorite–hornblende diorite, accompanied by several dikes of diorite–quartz diorite and hornblende diorite compositions, which were geochemically studied in order to provide further data and evidence for the geodynamic setting of the region. The SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and MgO contents of these rocks are about 58.32–68.12%, 14.13–18.65% and 0.68–4.27%, respectively. They are characterized by the K₂O/Na₂O ratio of 0.26–0.58, Fe₂O₃ + MnO + MgO + TiO₂ content about 4.27–13.13%, low Y (8–17 ppm) and HREE (e.g., 1–2 ppm Yb) and high Sr contents (750–1330 ppm), as well as high ratios of Ba/La (13.51–50.96), (La/Yb)_N (7–22), Sr/Y (57.56–166.25), Rb/La (1.13–2.96) and La/Yb (10–33.63), which may testify to the adakitic nature of these intrusions. Their chemical composition corresponds to high-silica adakites, displaying enrichments of LREEs and LILEs and preferential depletion of HFSEs, (e.g., Ti, Ta and Nb). The REE differentiation pattern and the low HREE and Y contents might be resulted from the presence of garnet and amphibole in the solid residue of the source rock, while the high Sr content and the negative anomalies of Ti, Ta and Nb may indicate the absence of plagioclase and presence of Fe and Ti oxides in it. As a general scenario, it may be concluded that the adakitic rocks in the Khoynarood were most likely resulted from detachment of the subducting Neo-Tethyan eclogitic slab after subduction cessation between Arabian and Central Iranian plates during the upper Cretaceous–early Cenozoic and partial melting of the detached slab, followed by interactions with metasomatized mantle wedge peridotite and contamination with continental crust.     

Seismic ray path variations in a 3D global velocity model

A three-dimensional (3D) ray tracing technique is used to investigate ray path variations of P, PcP, pP and PP phases in a global tomographic model with P wave velocity changing in three dimensions and with lateral depth variations of the Moho, 410 and 660 km discontinuities. The results show that ray paths in the 3D velocity model deviate considerably from those in the average 1D model. For a PcP wave in Western Pacific to East Asia where the high-velocity (1-2%) Pacific slab is subducting beneath the Eurasian continent, the ray path change amounts to 27 km. For a PcP ray in South Pacific where very slow (−2%) velocity anomalies (the Pacific superplume) exist in the whole mantle, the maximum ray path deviation amounts to 77 km. Ray paths of other phases (P, pP, PP) are also displaced by tens of kilometers. Changes in travel time are as large as 3.9 s. These results suggest that although the maximal velocity anomalies of the global tomographic model are only 1-2%, rays passing through regions with strong lateral heterogeneity (in velocity and/or discontinuity topography) can have significant deviations from those in a 1D model because rays have very long trajectories in the global case. If the blocks or grid nodes adopted for inversion are relatively large (3-5°) and only a low-resolution 3D model is estimated, 1D ray tracing may be feasible. But if fine blocks or grid nodes are used to determine a high-resolution model, 3D ray tracing becomes necessary and important for the global tomography.