三江北段纳日贡玛黑云母花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

西南三江北段是青海省重要的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿带,纳日贡玛铜钼矿是近年来在三江北段发现的与侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜钼矿。利用锆石U-Pb方法测得纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩的形成年龄为41.53Ma±0.24Ma,属于喜马拉雅早期。纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿时代主要在40.86~40.80Ma之间。在多期热液叠加、多期成矿作用中,纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的热液应是纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩（41.53Ma±0.24Ma）和纳日贡玛斜长花岗斑岩（41.00Ma±0.18Ma）共同提供的。由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在,因而确定这些侵入体的形成年龄,对于在该区寻找同时代的斑岩型铜钼矿有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

桂北雪峰期含锡黑云母花岗岩成因的见证

作者对桂北地区进行了野外地质工作，重点观察和研究了雪峰期含锡黑云母花岗岩和四堡群变质岩的产状和特征，并采集了它们的标本，进行了系统的岩矿鉴定、人工重砂分析和岩石化学成分对比，从宏观到微观总结出四堡群中、下部的变质岩与雪峰期的含锡黑云母花岗岩有成因关系的１０个方面的证据，并被高温高压成岩实验所证实。这些证据和分析方法对于研究华南古老变质岩地区的同类花岗岩有其重要意义。     

三江北段纳日贡玛黑云母花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

西南三江北段是青海省重要的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿带,纳日贡玛铜钼矿是近年来在三江北段发现的与侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜钼矿。利用锆石U-Pb方法测得纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩的形成年龄为41.53Ma ±0.24Ma,属于喜马拉雅早期。纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿时代主要在40.86~40.80Ma之间。在多期热液叠加、多期成矿作用中,纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的热液应是纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩（41.53Ma ±0.24Ma）和纳日贡玛斜长花岗斑岩（41.00Ma ±0.18Ma）共同提供的。由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在,因而确定这些侵入体的形成年龄,对于在该区寻找同时代的斑岩型铜钼矿有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

湖南香花岭矽卡岩中锡的矿物学行为与成矿过程

湖南香花岭矽卡岩型锡矿床是南岭地区一个重要的锡多金属矿床,发育有丰富的含锡矿物。在野外和显微镜下观察 基础上,文章利用电子探针技术系统分析了香花岭矽卡岩中含锡矿物的矿物学特征,探讨了锡的成矿过程、成矿流体以及 锡的来源。研究结果表明,香花岭矽卡岩中含锡矿物由锡矿物（锡石、尼日利亚石、孟宪民石等）和富锡矿物（韭闪石、 尖晶石、葡萄石、塔菲石等）组成。锡的成矿有三个阶段：矽卡岩早阶段,Sn进入尖晶石、韭闪石等造岩矿物中,形成富 锡矿物;氧化物阶段,锡矿物如锡石、尼日利亚石、孟宪民石等逐渐晶出;晚期热液阶段,早期含锡矿物热液蚀变原位析 出锡石,或富Sn热液交代早期矿物形成了富锡环边。矽卡岩中成矿流体富含F,CO2,Li等挥发组分,控制了Sn的富集、迁 移、结晶等过程。香花岭矽卡岩中Sn根本上来源于地层,锡的成矿过程反映了Sn在地壳中的地球化学循环过程。     

Experimental Study on the Mechanism for the Formation of Sn- bearing Granite in Northern Guangxi

Experimental results have proved that the Xuefengian Sn-bearing biotite granites were formed by remelting and recrystallization of the Proterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Sibao Group at 500× 105-2000× 105 Pa and 750-570℃ and further testified that the F- and B-bear-ing aqueous solution played an important part in decreasing the formation temperature of the rocks. The results tally with the reality of the field geology. The authors have thus brought to light the mechanism for the formation of the Sn-bearing biotite granites and expounded the significance of their formation in the crust dynamics of South China.     

东昆仑东段古特提斯洋俯冲作用——乌妥花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学证据

东昆仑东段发育了一条晚二叠世-中三叠世以花岗质岩石为主的巨型弧岩浆岩。本文对东昆仑东段的中三叠世乌妥花岗岩体开展了岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学研究。结果表明,乌妥花岗岩体主要包括花岗闪长岩、斑状二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩三种岩石类型,对应的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为248Ma、247Ma和245Ma,形成时代为中三叠世。主量元素特征显示其具有高钾钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质的I型花岗岩的属性。球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图解具轻稀土明显富集、重稀土亏损和Eu弱负异常-强负异常特征。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Th、Ba、U等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ti、Ta等)、而Zr和Hf无明显异常的特点。乌妥岩体总体具有负的Hf同位素组成特征,花岗闪长岩εHf(t)为-1. 5～+3. 4、斑状二长花岗岩εHf(t)为-4. 1～-0. 6、正长花岗岩εHf(t)为-6. 9～-0. 9。多种微量元素构造环境判别图解表明其形成于类似安第斯型陆缘弧的构造环境。岩石成因研究表明洋壳俯冲带上部壳幔接触过渡部位多次岩浆MASH过程及分离结晶作用是形成乌妥花岗岩体的重要方式。综合前人东昆仑地区有关三叠纪沉积地层及岩浆岩资料,认为布青山-阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋于晚二叠世向北俯冲于东昆仑地块之下,弧岩浆岩记录的布青山古特提斯洋盆向北俯冲过程一直持续到中三叠世晚期。晚三叠世,东昆仑南缘古特提斯洋盆关闭,东昆仑造山带转换为碰撞及后碰撞造山阶段,并形成了区域上具碰撞构造属性的侵入岩。     

实验形成黑云母花岗岩的主要造岩矿物的特征

作者利用桂北太古代四堡群的变质岩和用化学试剂配制该变质岩的化学成分作为试料（加入纯锡粉末１０ｍｇ），分别用纯水，Ｃ（ＫＦ）＝０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ＋Ｃ（Ｎａｃｌ）＝０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和Ｃ（Ｈ＿３ＢＯ＿３）＝０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ水溶液作为反应介质，在２００－５０ＭＰａ压力和５８０－７５０℃温度的范围内进行实验，结果形成含锡黑云母花岗岩的造岩矿物──石英、正长石、奥－钠长石、黑云母和锡石。作者通过显微镜下油浸法测定和Ｘ射线分析，阐述这些造岩矿物的主要光学特征，并探讨它们共生的物理化学条件，为壳源重熔型花岗岩的形成提供了造岩矿物学的理论佐证．     

Experimental Study on the Mechanism for the Formation of Sn-bearing Granite in Northern Guangxi1

Abstract Experimental results have proved that the Xuefengian Sn-bearing biotite granites were formed by remelting and recrystallization of the Proterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Sibao Group at 500 × 10⁵ —2000× 10⁵ Pa and 750-570 °C and further testified that the F- and B-bearing aqueous solution played an important part in decreasing the formation temperature of the rocks. The results tally with the reality of the field geology. The authors have thus brought to light the mechanism for the formation of the Sn-bearing biotite granites and expounded the significance of their formation in the crust dynamics of South China.     

Tin-bearing minerals at the Furong tin deposit,South China: Implications for tin mineralization

It remains poorly constrained whether remobilization of Sn from granites and prograde skarns plays an essential role in forming economic (skarn-type) tin mineralization. Using both electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry methods, in-situ Sn contents, as well as major elements, were analyzed for numerous silicates and magnetite from fresh granite, altered granite, and skarn at the large Furong Sn deposit (530,000 t Sn @ 0.8% Sn) in the Nanling Range, South China. Hornblende and biotite in fresh granite are the main Sn-bearing phases (Sn = 44–321 ppm), while plagioclase and K-feldspar are poor in Sn (< 5 ppm). In altered granite, tin is hosted mainly by hydrothermal muscovite (299–583 ppm) replacing plagioclase, but rarely by chlorite (mostly <10 ppm) replacing hornblende and biotite. In contrast, most silicates (garnet, diopside, vesuvianite, pargasite and epidote) and magnetite from tin skarn are Sn-rich (47–44,241 ppm), except for Sn-poor phlogopite and scapolite (< 10 ppm). In particular, garnet, pargasite, and epidote reach tin concentrations in the percent range. Tin generally enters the stannous silicates and magnetite through substitutions for octahedral Al^vi and Fe³⁺. Comparisons of Sn contents between magmatic and hydrothermal minerals in granite, prograde and retrograde minerals related to tin skarn indicate that remobilization of Sn from granite and prograde skarn is not a pre-requisite to form tin mineralization.     

花岗岩研究发展趋势的一点思考

花岗岩是地球上最古老和造山带分布广泛的岩石之一。其研究大体可划分为三个阶段。与地层同等对待、进行构造—岩浆岩带的划分与研究是填图、特别是大范围中、小比例尺工作必要而且是有效方法和发展趋势。"合理划分地质体,研究地质体内部特征和相互关系,建立花岗岩等级体制,探讨岩浆演化规律。"是花岗岩填图和研究的基本内容和方法。