Integrating farmers’ adaptive knowledge into flood management and adaptation policies in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A social learning perspective

Flood management and adaptation are important elements in sustaining farming production in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). While over the past decades hydraulic development introduced by the central government has substantially benefited the rural economy, it has simultaneously caused multiple barriers to rural adaptation. We investigate the relational practices (i.e., learning interactions) taking place within and across the flood management and adaptation boundaries from the perspective of social learning. We explore whether and how adaptive knowledge (i.e., experimental and experiential knowledge) derived from farmers’ everyday adaptation practices contributes to local flood management and adaptation policies in the selected areas. We collected data through nine focus groups with farmers and thirty-three interviews with government officials, environmental scientists, and farmers. Qualitative analysis suggests that such processes are largely shaped by the institutional context where the boundary is embedded. This study found that while the highly bureaucratic operation of flood management creates constraints for feedback, the more informal arrangements set in place at the local level provide flexible platforms conducive to open communication, collaborative learning, and exchange of knowledge among the different actors. This study highlights the pivotal role of shadow systems that provide space for establishing and maintaining informal interactions and relationships between social actors (e.g., interactions between farmers and extension officials) in stimulating and influencing, from the bottom-up, the emergence of adaptive knowledge about flood management and adaptation in a local context.     

Influence of vegetation canopies on solar potential in urban environments

Solar energy is clearly a promising option among the many available sources of renewable energy, and its market has seen outstanding growth. Careful evaluation to determine suitable locations for photovoltaic installations is needed, however, as their efficiency is highly dependent on exposure to sun. Especially in urban environments, quantifying the shadows cast by other buildings and vegetation canopies may be essential. In the present study, we used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess the influence of shading vegetation on solar irradiation estimates in five European towns. The fraction of annual solar irradiation lost to shading by existing vegetation ranged between 3% and 11%. The fraction lost was higher in winter and lower in summer. Due to greater incoming solar radiation in summer, however, more than 50% of annual loss was accounted for in summer. We suggest that at the broad scale of whole cities the influence of vegetation on rooftop solar potential estimates is negligible (especially in densely populated areas). Analyses which do not consider vegetation because of data availability nevertheless provide valuable insight into localities' solar potential.     

CSAMT勘探中场区、记录规则、阴影及场源复印效应的解析研究

由矢量位导出均匀大地表面上水平接地谐变电偶极子地下电磁场的闭合表达式, 将地层波和地面波显式地区分开来, 据此定义了与远区场和近区场对应的地面波区和地层波区. 对长期困扰CSAMT勘探工作者的记录点问题、阴影和场源复印效应问题给出了物理解释. 由地层波与地面波之比给出了定量划分场区的方法, 每一场分量最佳记录规则下的条件和判断是产生阴影和场源复印效应的前提. 山西沁水盆地CSAMT勘探覆盖点的推断结果表明, 阴影和场源复印效应是由地层波所携带的源与观测点之间、源下方真实地质情况的信息决定, 是可以利用的.     

一种井地无线电波透视技术

运用并扩展了无线电波透视法，成为一种井地无线电波透视新技术，实践表明，该项技术在工程地质勘查等方面有独到之处，它提高了工作效率，扩大了探测范围，降低了勘测成本，能带来较大的经济效益和社会效益。     

基于DEM的本影与落影判断研究

基于数字高程模型,研究在太阳光直射下本影和落影的判断方法.依据提出的方法,模拟得到了太白山区域在指定太阳高角度与方位角条件下的本影、落影与重叠阴影分布图,最后对地形阴影判断中几个需要注意的问题进行了探讨.     

Evaluation on the two filling functions for the recovery of forest information in mountainous shadows on Landsat ETM + Image

In general,topographic shadow may reduce performance of forest mapping over mountainous regions in remotely sensed images.In this paper,information in shadow was synthesized by using two filling techniques,namely,roifill and imfill,in order to improve the accuracy of forest mapping over mountainous regions.These two methods were applied to Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM +) multispectral image from Dong Yang County,Zhejiang Province,China.The performance of these methods was compared with two conventi...     

融合高度特征的高分遥感影像多尺度城市建筑类型分类

城市区域建筑类型信息在城市功能区识别、城市环境变量反演等应用领域具有重要作用。本文提出一种融合高分辨率遥感影像高度特征的多尺度城市建筑类型分类方法。首先利用语义分割模型识别高分辨影像中建筑和阴影对象;然后借助建筑对象及其阴影信息在卫星成像时的几何关系估算建筑高度;最后基于多尺度图像分析思想,提取一系列表征建筑对象的高度、空间结构、几何等多尺度特征,利用机器学习方法进行建筑类型分类,并进一步分析不同粒度的建筑类型分析单元对分类结果的影响。选取福州市主城区国产高分二号高分辨率影像进行实验验证。结果表明：① 基于所提方法的建筑类型分类总体精度达到82.98%, kappa系数为0.77,分类精度优于本文中未加入高度信息的分类方法和单一尺度分类方法;② 引入高度特征有效提高了中低层居民楼和高层商住两用建筑类型的分类精度,较未加入高度特征的分类结果,总体精度提高了11.28%;③ 融合多个尺度的图像特征可有效减少粘连建筑误分为密集型建筑的情况,较单一尺度分类方法,总体精度提高了2.77%。在精细的数字表面模型数据缺失下,利用高分辨影像阴影信息可为建筑物高度估计提供一种有效的策略,提高城市建筑类型分类精度。此外,融合多粒度图像特征可提升城市区域复杂建筑类型的表征能力,进而提高分类精度。     

Search for shadowing of primary cosmic radiation by the moon at TeV energies

The antimatter research through the earth moon ion spectrometer (ARTEMIS) experiment is described in terms of searching for the moon's shadow in the primary cosmic radiation at TeV energies. Observations were made using the Whipple 10 m Imaging Atmospheric erenkov Telescope, in conjunction with a special optical filter to suppress unwanted moonlight. Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict that the magnitude of shadowing based on a pure proton beam would be 1% of the cosmic ray background. Observations and event classification are discussed, and results of a search for shadowing based on both protons and antiprotons are presented. Atmospheric fluctuations giving rise to non-statistical event rates constituted a limiting factor to the sensitivity of the shadow search as they rivaled or exceeded statistical errors. It is demonstrated that the experiment does not have sufficient sensitivity to moon shadowing which would allow a search for an antimatter component in the primary cosmic ray flux at the percent level. Possible future improvements of the technique are discussed.     

三维频率域可控源电磁反演研究

对于三维可控源电磁,反演计算效率、张量测量、旁侧效应以及阴影效应是目前研究的热点.本文正演采用基于库仑规范条件的耦合势有限体积算法,反演采用有限内存BFGS(L-BFGS)算法.合成数据反演结果表明:(1)有限内存BFGS法比非线性共轭梯度法,在反演计算效率上具有一定的优势,更适合求解大规模三维可控源电磁反演问题.(2)张量可控源电磁法相对于标量可控源电磁法,前者在模型分辨率上优于后者.(3)在某个区域无法布置测网的情况下,我们可利用旁侧效应在异常体周围布置测网进行三维反演,从而获得真实异常体的信息.同时,为避免阴影效应,我们应在测网外增加可控源电磁控制点,使得三维反演的数据更加完备.     

阴影图像处理在重力资料解释中的应用

简述了立体阴影图像处理方法。对柴达木盆地重力资料进行了处理，分析阴影图像处理的地质效果。