Integrated approach for identification of potential groundwater zones in Seethanagaram Mandal of Vizianagaram District,Andhra Pradesh,India

Identifying a good site for groundwater exploration in hard rock terrain is a challenging task. In hard rocks, groundwater occurs in secondary porosity developed due to weathering, fracturing, faulting, etc., which is highly variable within short distance and contributing to near-surface inhomogeneity. In such situations topographic, hydrogeological and geomorphological features provide useful clues for the selection of suitable sites. Initially, based on satellite imagery, topographical, geomorphological and hydrogeological features, an area of about 149 km² was demarcated as a promising zone for groundwater exploration in the hard rock tract of Seethanagaram Mandal, Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 50 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out using Wenner electrode configuration. An interactive interpretation of the VES data sharpened the information inferred from geomorphological and hydrogeological reconnaissance. Ten sites were recommended for drilling. Drilling with Down-The-Hole Hammer (DTH) was carried out at the recommended sites down to 50 to 70 m depths. The interpreted VES results matched well with the drilled bore well lithologs. The yields of bore wells vary from 900 to 9000 liters per hour (lph).     

朝鲜平南盆地泥盆纪化石的发现及其地质意义

平南盆地位于中朝地台东缘朝鲜半岛中部。平南盆地古生界比较发育,特别是盆地中南部地区发育寒武系、奥陶系和志留系,仅在盆地东南部谷山、法洞地区发现了晚奥陶世到志留纪的地层,其它地区末曾发现过晚奥陶世到早石炭世的地层。最近在平南盆地中部平壤之东原中奥陶统(晚达组)上部发现了Chaetetes cf. nantanensis, Calceola sp., Thamnopora sp., Cladopora sp. 等指示泥盆纪的化石;该含化石层的走向延续性比较好,延伸长度2~3 km。基于上述研究,认为原来的中奥陶统(晚达组)上部可能为泥盆系。在中朝地台,除了西缘和西南缘地区以外,大部分地区没有发现晚奥陶世-早石炭世的地层,只有辽东太子河流域本溪组的地质时代被认定为早石炭世晚期到晚石炭世早期。这些泥盆纪、早石炭世化石都发育在中朝地台东部,说明古生代时期中朝地台西部和东部沉积环境及构造演化有差别,因而对于中朝地台古生代古地理和构造演化需要重新认识。