澳大利亚西北大陆架Bonaparte盆地Sahul区块Elang组成岩作用

Elang组是Bonaparte盆地Sahul区块的主要含油气层,属于浅海相三角洲前缘沉积,钻探结果表明研究区该套储层的物性呈现出"南好北差"的特点。利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜和X光衍射等多种方法和手段重点研究了Elang组砂岩的成岩作用特征。研究表明该套砂岩在区块南北的物理和化学成岩作用均不同,北部地区处于中成岩阶段的A1期,主要发育胶结、溶蚀等成岩作用;南部储层处于中成岩阶段的A2期和B期,主要发育机械压实和胶结、交代等成岩作用。这种差异成岩作用是影响储层孔隙发育的主控因素之一,也是导致储层物性北好南差的主要原因。研究这种差异性对于寻找有利储层发育区具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

Inhibition of fish nodavirus by gymnemagenol extracted from Gymnema sylvestre

Viral nervous necrosis(VNN)has emerged to become a major problem in the culture of larval and juvenile marine fish worldwide.Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from commonly available medicinal plants are often screened for their efficacy in controlling fish viral diseases.Occurrence of newer viral strains and resistance to existing antiviral drugs are problems currently as-sociated with treatment of VNN,which necessitates looking for alternate sources for effective antiviral drugs.The aim of the present study was to screen antiviral potential of gymnemagenol(C30H50O4)previously extracted from leaves of Gymnema sylvestre.The fish nodavirus,grouper nervous necrosis virus(GNNV)in infected Sahul Indian Grouper Eye(SIGE)cell lines were used to study the antiviral activity of gymnemagenol under in vitro conditions.The susceptibility of the virus to gymnemagenol was confirmed by measuring the viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)in virus-infected SIGE cells every 24 h.Gymnemagenol at 20 μg mL?1 inhibited the prolifera-tion of GNNV to 53% at the end of the 6th d by inhibiting the proliferation of GNNV-infected SIGE cells.The viable SIGE cells were reduced to 47% as determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.The viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)was also reduced to log 2.8 at the end of the 7th d in gymnemagenol-treated SIGE cells after inoculated with GNNV when compared to untreated control SIGE cell viral titre(log 4.1).Based on our results it can be concluded that gymnemagenol could be used as an antiviral agent against GNNV infection.     

Revisiting the late Pleistocene mammal extinction record at Tight Entrance Cave, southwestern Australia

Tight Entrance Cave (TEC) in southwestern Australia provides a Pleistocene sequence documenting the extinction of 14 large mammal species. This record has been interpreted as indicating that extinctions did not occur during or before the penultimate glacial maximum (PGM) and that humans played a primary role in the extinctions. However, it remains possible that the majority of extinct megafauna persisted no later than the PGM. The TEC extinctions correspond with vegetation change, a cooling/drying trend, increased biomass burning, and increasingly unstable small mammal communities. The initiation of these trends predates human arrival on the continent and implies environmentally mediated extinctions.