下扬子地区晚奥陶世凯迪期—早志留世鲁丹期岩相古地理及其油气地质意义

下扬子地区奥陶—志留纪之交岩相分异明显,发育了多种类型的岩石地层单位,其沉积岩的颜色、岩性、厚度、赋存化石组合等方面存在显著的差别。笔者通过对研究区内野外露头及钻井剖面的考察,总结前人研究成果,利用岩石学、古生物学、生态学及室内分析方法将其划分为滨岸相、孤立台地相、浅海陆棚相、陆棚坡折相、欠补偿盆地相和盆地浊积岩相6种沉积相类型。岩相古地理研究表明,晚奥陶世凯迪晚期,受加里东构造运动影响,华南板内碰撞挤压作用显著,"江南古陆"不断抬升和扩张,直接导致了旧的"台-坡-盆"格局的消失和新的古地理格局的形成,之前发育的自西北向东南方向水体变深的古地理格局彻底转变为北西、南西、南东三面被古陆包围,向东北方向水体加深的古地理格局。晚奥陶世赫南特期,由于南极冰盖凝聚导致的全球海平面下降和气候变冷,扬子地台海域变浅,致使海底盆地上升到最低含氧深度面之上处于充氧水层中,富氧环境代替了缺氧环境,岩相由五峰组黑色页岩转变为更浅水的观音桥层泥灰岩或新开岭层泥岩;江南沉积区长坞组—于潜组的复理石沉积组合转变为更浅水的的文昌组—堰口组近磨拉石沉积组合。早志留世鲁丹期,随着全球海平面重新上升,隆起面积继续扩大,构造围限作用加剧,黑色页岩重新出现。尤其是安徽南部的安庆—铜陵—巢湖一线,江苏中部的南京—句容一线五峰组—高家边组底部的黑色硅质页岩和炭质页岩,笔石带与中上扬子的五峰—龙马溪组具有很好的一致性,厚度均在40～60 m,TOC含量1.2%～4%,具很好的生烃潜力,应视为下一步烃源岩及页岩气勘探开发的重点研究区域。     

Toward a stepwise Kwangsian Orogeny

The Kwangsian Orogeny originated along the southeast coast of China and stepwise developed in a northwest direction. It includes two stages, a long locally varying uplift from the Late Ordovician to the early Silurian and a finally tectonic movement near the Silurian and Devonian transition. The Kwangsian uplift event shows a stepwise delay northwestwards from the southeastern coast area in Nemagraptus gracilis Biozone (Sa1) to the south side of the Xuefeng Mountains in or later than Cystograptus vesiculosus Biozone (R3) to Coronograptus cyphus Biozone (R4). In the southern of Yangtze Platform, the Yichang Uplift was droved by the Kwangsian Orogeny forming a diachronous stratigraphical break through Rhuddanian and Aeronian. The distribution of the early Telychian lower marine red beds indicates a northwestward increase of the Cathaysian Oldland. Stratigraphical evidence may explain why the Kwangsian movement was marked by an angular disconformity during the Pridoli to earliest Devonian interval.     

A Rhuddanian (Silurian,lower llandovery) pelmatozoan fauna from south-west Wales

Only two crinoid faunas of Rhuddanian or early Aeronian age have been described hitherto, both from North America. A Rhuddanian pelmatozoan fauna from Haverfordwest, Dyfed, south-west Wales includes the cheirocrinid rhombiferan cystoid Homocystites? sp., plus the following crinoid species: the calceocrinid disparids Calceocrinus turnbulli sp. nov. and Calceocrinus? sp.; the dendrocrinid cladid Dendrocrinus? gasworksensis sp. nov.; the patelliocrinid monobathrid Macrostylocrinus? sp. indet.; columnals of the rhodocrinitid(?) diplobathrid Floricolumnus (col.) sp. cf. F. (col.) girvanensis Donovan and Clark; the rhodocrinitid diplobathrid Chaosocrinus ornatus sp. nov.; and two indeterminate crinoid species. At the familial level this fauna shows strong similarities with coeval, but more diverse, crinoid assemblages from North America, suggesting that endemism did not develop until later in the Silurian.