全文获取类型
收费全文 | 245篇 |
免费 | 49篇 |
国内免费 | 165篇 |
专业分类
大气科学 | 5篇 |
地球物理 | 23篇 |
地质学 | 379篇 |
海洋学 | 23篇 |
天文学 | 10篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
自然地理 | 13篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 30篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有459条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
R. PALMERI M. L. FREZZOTTI G. GODARD R. J. DAVIES 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2009,27(9):685-705
Monocrystalline quartz inclusions in garnet and omphacite from various eclogite samples from the Lanterman Range (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica) have been investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL), Raman spectroscopy and imaging, and in situ X‐ray (XR) microdiffraction using the synchrotron. A few inclusions, with a clear‐to‐opalescent lustre, show ‘anomalous’ Raman spectra characterized by weak α‐quartz modes, the broadening of the main α‐quartz peak at 465 cm?1, and additional vibrations at 480–485, 520–523 and 608 cm?1. CL and Raman imaging indicate that this ‘anomalous’α‐quartz occurs as relicts within ordinary α‐quartz, and that it was preserved in the internal parts of small quartz inclusions. XR diffraction circular patterns display irregular and broad α‐quartz spots, some of which show an anomalous d‐spacing tightening of ~2%. They also show some very weak, hazy clouds that have d‐spacing compatible with coesite but not with α‐quartz. Raman spectrometry and XR microdiffraction characterize the anomalies with respect to α‐quartz as (i) a pressure‐induced disordering and incipient amorphization, mainly revealed by the 480–485 and 608‐cm?1 Raman bands, together with (ii) a lattice densification, evidenced by d‐spacing tightening; (iii) the cryptic development of coesite, 520–523 cm?1 being the main Raman peak of coesite and (iv) Brazil micro‐twinning. This ‘anomalous’α‐quartz represents the first example of pressure‐induced incipient amorphization of a metastable phase in a crustal rock. This issue is really surprising because pressure‐induced amorphization of metastable α‐quartz, observed in impactites and known to occur between 15 and 32 GPa during ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) experiments at room temperature, is in principle irrelevant under normal geological P–T conditions. A shock (due to a seism?) or a local overpressure at the inclusion scale (due to expansion mismatch between quartz and its host mineral) seem the only geological mechanisms that can produce such incipient amorphization in crustal rocks. This discovery throws new light on the modality of the quartz‐coesite transition and on the pressure regimes (non‐lithostatic v. lithostatic) during high‐pressure/UHP metamorphism. In particular, incipient amorphization of quartz could favour the quartz‐coesite transition, or allow the growth of metastable coesite, as already experimentally observed. 相似文献
2.
Ultrahigh pressure macro diamonds from Copeton (New South Wales, Australia), based on Raman spectroscopy of inclusions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mining of Cenozoic alluvial deposits at Copeton and Bingara (Eastern Australia) has produced two million macrodiamonds (0.25 ct median size). Raman spectroscopy is used to identify included minerals within uncut Copeton diamonds, with sealed chamber remnant pressures of 31.7 to 35.6 kbar for coesite, 13.6 and 22.7 kbar for clinopyroxene, and 7.6 kbar for grossular garnet. Assuming elastic behaviour, these values generate inclusion entrapment PT loci which intersect, restricting diamond formation conditions: from 250 °C, 43 kbar to 800 °C, 52 kbar. Larger than error (± 100 °C and ± 4 kbar), this range shows a systematic variation in inclusion composition with diamond zoning and N properties. Published research shows 1) Copeton and Bingara diamonds are unique, and 2) modern alluvium in the Bingara district carries mantle-formed garnet, captured by post-tectonic alkali basalt from an extensive diamondiferous ultrahigh pressure (UHP) terrane that stalled at depth because it is dominated by mafic eclogite. The combined Raman and geological results indicate two sets of subduction UHP diamond formation conditions/protolith are required, firstly cooler oceanic slab and secondly including higher temperature continental crust. The Copeton and Bingara stones are UHP macrodiamonds, and Carboniferous 40Ar/39Ar age dates on clinopyroxene inclusions should be interpreted as ages of crystallisation, representing the termination of subduction. The characteristic features of ruptured inclusions and etched percussion marks on Copeton and Bingara diamond indicate volcanic delivery to the earth's surface. Alluvial deposits elsewhere in Eastern Australia may carry similar diamond along with diamond of different origin. 相似文献
3.
4.
激光拉曼光谱法分析多种显微组分荧光变化及其应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用激发488 nm激光的氩离子激光器作为RENISHAW inVia型激光拉曼光谱仪的光源,建立了多种显微组分荧光变化(FAMM)分析方法,并对镜质体反射率明显抑制的东营凹陷有效烃源岩进行了测定。结果表明,东营凹陷有效烃源岩的有机质类型越好,镜质体反射率抑制程度越高,有效烃源岩的真实成熟度应主要处于0.64%~1.30%,而不是实测镜质体反射率所反映的0.37%~1.10%。 相似文献
5.
Maggie Cusack Yannicke Dauphin Jean-Pierre Cuif Murielle Salom Andy Freer Huabing Yin 《Chemical Geology》2008,253(3-4):172-179
Biominerals are natural composite materials comprising organic and inorganic components. Detailed knowledge of the nature and distribution of both components is a crucial requirement in order to advance our understanding of biomineral formation, their material properties and preservation potential as well as the interpretation of environmental data. Detailed chemical data are essential for our understanding of the nature and distribution of such components. Micro-XANES mapping at the sulphur K-edge reveals that, in the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa, the sulphate concentration is higher in the outer (primary) layer than in the calcite fibres of the secondary layer. This is co-incident with a higher magnesium concentration. In contrast, the sheaths surrounding the calcite fibres contain sulphur as thiol, confirming the presence of protein while, the sulphur within the fibres themselves, occurs as sulphate. Micro-XANES analysis of the insoluble organic extract from T. retusa indicates the presence of organic sulphate while Micro-Raman spectroscopy confirms that structurally substituted sulphate (SSS) is also present although semi-quantitative Raman spectroscopy carried out in this spectral region (wavenumbers 900–1200) indicates that the sulphate present is at the threshold of detection by Raman spectroscopy. The distribution of phosphorus in the shell of T. retusa correlates well with that of protein indicating the presence of phosphorylated proteins in the periostracum, the sheaths surrounding the calcite fibres and the interface between the primary and secondary layer. 相似文献
6.
笼状水合物拉曼光谱特征与结构水合数的耦合关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了探讨不同气体组分和环境介质对形成笼状结构类型水合物和水合数的影响, 开展了一元体系 (CH4、CO2、C3H8 )和二元体系(CH4 +CO2、CH4 +C3H8、CH4 +N2 )的水合物生成结晶充填过程、结晶构型和动力学特性分析, 并对生成的水合物进行了拉曼光谱分析。结果表明单组分甲烷充填小孔穴 512和大孔穴 512 62 形成Ⅰ型笼状结构水合物(SⅠ), 二氧化碳和丙烷只占据大孔穴 512 64 形成Ⅱ型笼状结构水合物 (SⅡ ); 而二元混合组分中小孔穴中只充填有甲烷, 而没有CO2、N2 和C3H8。应用反褶积的ν1 对称谱带测定了CH4 分子在Ⅰ型结构大孔穴和小孔穴中的相对占有率,并根据谱带的面积比(对应于小孔穴与大孔穴)计算了平衡条件下甲烷水合物孔穴占有率及其耦合的水合数, 认为气体分子的大小不仅影响它所充填的孔穴形态和类型, 而且影响水合物生成的结构类型和水合数。 相似文献
7.
大别山及苏鲁地区微粒金刚石分类及其大地构造意义 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
1992年发现大别山首例微粒金刚石之后,又于2003年和2004年在大别山和苏鲁地区的榴辉岩薄片中和榴辉岩的人工重砂中发现了微粒金刚石。本文报道其中尚未发表的7颗,并对2颗较大的薄片中的微粒金刚石和2颗自由晶体金刚石进行拉曼光谱和红外光谱测试。研究结果表明,本区所有微粒金刚石都为IaA和IaB型金刚石的混合体。缺少Ib型金刚石,表明没有人造金刚石的混入。薄片中的金刚石大部分为石榴子石的包裹体,少数产出于颗粒之间,直径为30-180μm。自由颗粒微粒金刚石直径为400-700μm。在大别山北部,不但又一次找到了微粒金刚石,还在石榴子石中发现有单斜辉石、磷灰石和金红石的出溶。这表明北大剐不但是超高压地质体,而且可能是本区俯冲最深的地质体。 相似文献
8.
Raman spectra of diopside were collected from atmospheric pressure to 71 GPa. The pressure dependences of 22 modes were determined.
Changes occurred in the spectra at three different pressures. First, at approximately 10 GPa, the two Raman modes at 356 and
875 cm−1 disappeared, while the mode at 324 cm−1 split into two modes, diverging at this pressure with significantly different pressure shifts; second, at approximately 15
GPa, a small (1 to 2 cm−1) drop in several of the frequencies was observed accompanied by changes in the pressure dependency of some of the modes;
and third, above 55 GPa, the modes characteristic of chains of tetrahedrally coordinated silicon disappeared, while those
for octahedrally coordinated silicon appeared. The first change at 10 GPa appears to be a C2/c to C2/c transition involving a change in the Ca coordination. The third change above 55 GPa appears to be a change in the silicon
coordination. At 15 GPa, it is suggested that a change in compressional mechanism takes place.
Received: 14 November 2000 / Accepted: 9 January 2002 相似文献
9.
M. A. Bouhifd G. Gruener B. O. Mysen P. Richet 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(10):655-662
Premelting effects in gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and calorimetry, and in gehlenite and pseudowollastonite (CaSiO3) by electrical conductivity. The enthalpy of premelting of gehlenite is 17.3 kJ mol−1 and represents 9% of the reported enthalpy of fusion, which is in the range of the reported fraction of other minerals. The
Raman and electrical conductivity experiments at high temperatures, for gehlenite and pseudowollastonite, show that the premelting
effects of both compositions are associated with enhanced dynamics of calcium atoms near the melting point. This conclusion
agrees with the results obtained for other minerals like diopside, but contrasts with those found for sodium metasilicate
in which the weaker bonding of sodium allows the silicate framework to distort near the melting temperature and deform in
such a way to prefigure the silicate entities present in the melt.
Received: 30 April 2002 / Accepted: 7 August 2002
Acknowledgements We thank Y. Linard for help with DSC measurements and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work
has been partly supported by the EU Marie-Curie fellowship contract no. HPMF-CT-1999-00329, the CNRS-Carnegie Institution
of Washington program PICS no.192, and the NSF grants EAR-9614432 and EAR-9901886 to B.O.M. 相似文献
10.
S. K. Deb M. H. Manghnani K. Ross R. A. Livingston P. J. M. Monteiro 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(1):31-38
A Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction study of the thermal decomposition of a naturally occurring, ettringite-group crystal
is presented. Raman spectra, recorded with increasing temperature, indicate that the thermal decomposition begins at ≈55 °C,
accompanied by dehydration of water molecules from the mineral. This is in contrast to previous studies that reported higher
temperature breakdown of ettringite. The dehydration is completed by 175 °C and this results in total collapse of the crystalline
structure and the material becomes amorphous. The Raman scattering results are supported by X-ray diffraction results obtained
at increasing temperatures.
Received: 9 July 2001 / Accepted: 14 August 2002 相似文献