西藏札达盆地晚上新世—早更新世孢粉组合及其地质意义

札达盆地位于青藏高原西南隅的阿里地区,是在中新世晚期约9.6 Ma B.P.形成的一个NW—SE向断陷盆地。该盆地在上新世—早更新世发育一套完整的河湖-冲积扇相地层。在札达县香孜乡西北约1 km处精细实测了上上新统—下更新统香孜剖面。根据前人的古地磁及ESR年龄数据确定下更新统香孜组年龄为2.60~1.67 Ma B.P.。根据孢粉学研究把香孜剖面自下而上划分为3个孢粉组合带(8个孢粉组合),并据此将札达盆地2.75 Ma B.P.以来的气候变化划分为3个阶段:(1)孢粉组合带Ⅰ(孢粉组合1~2),植被为温暖偏湿的常绿与落叶针阔叶混交林,2.67 Ma以后气候逐渐向干旱转变,地层对比时代为晚上新世(2.75~2.60 Ma);(2)孢粉组合带Ⅱ(孢粉组合3~5),发育温凉偏湿的亚高山落叶针阔叶混交林,并在约2.38 Ma逐渐变为针叶林,气候趋向变冷,地层对比时代为早更新世(2.54~2.16 Ma);(3)孢粉组合带Ⅲ(孢粉组合6~8),发育寒冷干旱的高山针叶林,并存在高寒灌丛草甸草原,低海拔处零星分布落叶针阔叶混交林,指示较强的地势差异,地层对比时代为早更新世(2.13~1.86 Ma)。     

Combining machine learning techniques,microanalyses and large geochemical datasets for tephrochronological studies in complex volcanic areas: New age constraints for the Pleistocene magmatism of central Italy

Characterization, correlation and provenance determination of tephra samples in sedimentary sections (tephrochronological studies) are powerful tools for establishing ages of depositional events, volcanic eruptions, and tephra dispersion. Despite the large literature and the advancements in this research field, the univocal attribution of tephra deposits to specific volcanic sources remains too often elusive. In this contribution, we test the application of a machine learning technique named Support Vector Machine to attempt shedding new light upon tephra deposits related to one of the most complex and debated volcanic regions on Earth: the Pliocene-Pleistocene magmatism in Italy. The machine learning algorithm was trained using one of the most comprehensive global petrological databases (GEOROC); 17 chemical elements including major (SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O_3T, CaO, MgO, MnO, Na₂O, K₂O, P₂O₅) and selected trace (Sr, Ba, Rb, Zr, Nb, La, Ce) elements were chosen as input parameters. We first show the ability of support vector machines in discriminating among different Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic provinces in Italy and then apply the same methodology to determine the volcanic source of tephra samples occurring in the Caio outcrop, an Early Pleistocene sedimentary section located in Central Italy. Our results show that: 1) support vector machines can successfully resolve high-dimensional tephrochronological problems overcoming the intrinsic limitation of two- and three-dimensional discrimination diagrams; 2) support vector machines can discriminate among different volcanic provinces in complex magmatic regions; 3) in the specific case study, support vector machines indicate that the most probable source for the investigated tephra samples is the so-called Roman Magmatic Province. These results have strong geochronological and geodynamical implications suggesting new age constraints (1.4 Ma instead of 0.8 Ma) for the starting of the volcanic activity in the Roman Magmatic Province.     

Geochemistry and detrital zircon U–Pb dating of Pliocene-Pleistocene sandstones of the Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt (Bangladesh): Implications for provenance

The Bengal Basin originated during the collision of India with Eurasia and Burma. The provenance analysis of the Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt (CTFB), which is the folded eastern flank of the Bengal Basin as well as the Neogene belt of the Indo-Burman Ranges (IBR) is key to better understand the possible sources of sediment input from the complex interplay of the Indian, Eurasian and Burma plates. We report new whole rock geochemical and detrital zircon U–Pb data from the upper Neogene sandstones of Tipam-Dupi Tila formations (Pliocene to Plio-Plestocene succession) from the CTFB. Detrital zircon U–Pb age spectra show three predominant peaks at <200 Ma, 480–650, ∼800–1000 Ma. The geochemical discriminations and elemental ratios of Eu/Eu* (∼0.70), La/Sc (∼16.13), La/Co (∼15.76), Th/Sc (∼2.95), La/Th (∼5.67), Th/Co (∼2.87), Cr/Th (∼4.63) as well as Chondrite-normalized REE patterns with flat HREE, LREE enrichment, and negative Eu anomalies for the Tipam and Dupi Tila formations are suggestive of a dominantly felsic source area experiencing moderate to intensive chemical weathering (Chemical index of alteration, CIA - 57 to 81) and have a recycled provenance orogen related to active continental or passive margin settings. Integrated geochemical and zircon U–Pb studies reveal that the main sediment input might have been from the Himalayan orogen with significant arc-derived detritus, possibly from the Gangdese arc as well as from the Burma magmatic arc.     

Modern and Palaeoecological Significance of the Radiolarian Spongaster tetras tetras Ehrenberg in the Eastern Equatorial Pacifics

Abstract. Spongaster tetras tetras Ehrenberg has long been considered by palaeontologists as a species indicative of warm (>21 C) sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and tropical/subtropical conditions. However. a comparison of the Plio-Pleistocene record of S. t. tetras in the eastern equatorial Pacific (Ocean Drilling Program Hole 677A) with CaCO₃, δ¹⁸O, and δ¹³C records reveals that S. t. tetras is most commonly present during periods of intense upwelling, often coinciding with isotopically identified glacial stages. when surface productivity and salinity are high, and SST is expected to be relatively low. Maximum S. t. tetras abundance (1.8% of radiolaria counted) occurred during a cool interglacial. when productivity and salinity were high, wind-driven upwelling intense, and SST relatively warmer than during glacial maxima. It appears that in the eastern equatorial Pacific upwelling system, SSTs are generally too cold (<21 C) for S. t. tetras to survive; however, S. t. tetras can tolerate (with populations <0.7%) cold SSTs if productivity and salinity are increased (due to upwelling), and flourishes (>0.7–> 1.8%) if this is coupled with relatively warm SSTs. This micropalaeontological study Corroborates the findings of an earlier research program on living S. t. tetras cultures (Anderson et al ., 1989a.b, c).     

南黄海黑碳记录的中国东部晚上新世以来C3/C4植被演化

陆地植被是全球生态系统的重要组成部分,其C₃/C₄组成类型及演化进程对于理解过去生态系统对全球变化的响应及适应机制具有重要科学意义。晚上新世以来东亚C₄植被扩张的时间、过程和机制等仍存很大争议,尤其缺少长江流域C₃/C₄植被相对丰度演化的地质记录及不同纬度植被演化的时空综合对比。本研究利用大陆架科学钻探计划在南黄海钻取的CSDP-1孔约300.10m长的岩芯沉积物的黑碳含量、通量及碳同位素组成,重建了晚上新世以来中国东部地区C₃/C₄植被演化历史。研究发现,在晚上新世（约3.0~2.6Ma）,黑碳碳同位素组成发生明显正偏,指示沉积物源区长江流域的C₄植被相对丰度的增加,可能受到了中低纬度地区干旱化增强及大气CO₂浓度下降的共同影响;而中高纬度如黄土高原地区的C₄植被则相对减少,推测更低的温度可能成为了C₄植被生长的限制因素。中更新世（约1.0Ma）以来,黑碳碳同位素比值整体负偏,表明源区C₄植被相对丰度减少。尽管沉积物源区在0.8Ma左右转变为纬度更高的黄河流域,但东亚不同纬度地区记录均显示了碳同位素负偏,表明这是一区域现象,分析认为全球气候变冷是影响中更新世以来C₄植被演化的重要因素。本研究揭示出,除了全球性的因素（大气CO₂浓度）外,区域气候（温度和干旱度）在东亚地区C₃/C₄植被长期演化中具有重要影响。

     

国际综合大洋钻探计划IODP323白令海航次介绍

国际综合大洋钻探计划IODP323航次于2009年7月6日开始至9月4日结束在白令海实施.该航次的主要科学目标是通过钻取白令海的海底沉积物岩心样品,获得高纬度边缘海的较长时间尺度沉积序列,用于研究该海区上新世-更新世的从千年尺度到米兰科维奇尺度气候变化及其与太平洋和北冰洋的关联.经历近2个月的海上钻探与研究工作,在7个井位上共钻取5 741 m岩芯,获得上新世(近5 Ma)以来的不同位置岩芯样品,并取得微体古生物与沉积学等分析测试的初步结果.     

皋兰山红黏土-黄土记录的上新世-更新世转型期C3/C4植被演化

上新世-更新世转型是上新世温暖气候向更新世冰期-间冰期旋回过渡的重要时段,与此同时,青藏高原的强烈隆升也深刻改变了高原及周边地区的地貌格局和生态环境面貌.因此,开展青藏高原东北缘地区上新世-更新世转型期的古气候变化是理解地球各圈层相互作用的重要切入点.而兰州盆地地处中国三大自然区的衔接位置,对气候变化和构造活动响应较为...     

依据Pulleniatina的旋向变化划定更新统下界─—以台湾二仁溪剖面为例

在传统上,浮游有孔虫Ｇｌｏｂｏｒｏｔａｌｉａｔｒｕｎｃａｔｕｌｉｎｏｉｄｅｓ的初现面一直被用来作为划定海相地层更新统下界的可靠依据。然而,此一初现面（２．０ＭａＢ．Ｐ．）所界定的更新统下界与超微化石Ｇａｐｈｙｒｏｃｏｐｓａｏｃｅａｎｉｃａｓ．ｌ．初现面（１．６７～１．７ＭａＢ．Ｐ．）所界定的并不一致。这一现象对大陆边缘的沉积地层尤为显著。其主要原因是,大陆边缘的高沉积速率会导致两个基面有很的层位间距。本研究证明台湾西南部二仁溪剖面之浮游有孔虫Ｐｕｌｌｅｎｉａｔｉｎａ最后一次的旋向变化（由左至右）,几乎与超微化石Ｇ．ｏｃｅａｎｉｃａｓ．ｌ．的初现面同一时间。因此,就浮游有孔虫生物地层的观点看,此一族向变化是辨识更新统下界的一个非常有用的基面。     

Oxygen isotope stratigraphy and events in the northern South China Sea during the last 6 million years

Based on the stable isotopic analysis of more than 1000 samples of planktonic and benthic foraminifers from ODP Site 1148 in the northern South China Sea (SCS), the oxygen isotope stratigraphy has been applied to the last 3 million years for the first time in the SCS. Furthermore, the paleoceanographic changes in the northern SCS during the last 6 million years have been unraveled. The benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O record shows that before δ3.1 Ma the SCS was much more influenced by the warm intermediate water of the Pacific. The remarkable decrease in the deepwater temperature of the SCS during the period of 3.1-2.5 Ma demonstrates the formation of the Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet. However, the several sea surface temperature (SST) reductions during the early and middle Pliocene, reflected by the planktonic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O, might be related to the ice-sheet growth in the Antarctic region. Only those stepwise and irreversible SST reductions during the period of δ2.2-0.9 Ma could be related to the formation and growth of the Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet.     

腾冲—冈底斯新生代造山带的垮塌及陆间裂谷的形成

腾冲新生代中酸性火山岩以往研究较为薄弱,通过中酸性火山岩岩石地球化学研究,将腾冲新生代中酸性火山岩划分为高Sr、低Yb的埃达克型英安岩和低Sr、中Yb的浙闽型英安岩,其时限分别为上新世(2.78~4.04Ma)和早更新世(0.73~1.19Ma),为腾冲冈底斯带造山隆升后,由稳定至垮塌过程中形成的中酸性火山岩。中新世,腾冲冈底斯高原应力由东西向挤压为主转变为南北向走滑,造山带开始裂解。受潞西—保山地块阻挡,走滑方向偏转,在转折端轴向断片间滑脱形成裂谷盆地。裂谷形成初期,地幔减压上侵,下地壳高压部分熔融形成埃达克型花岗质岩浆;至早更新世,随着裂谷加剧,地壳厚度进一步减薄,在低压条件下下地壳部分熔融形成浙闽型花岗质岩浆。