Sedimentation rates in the Wanggang salt marshes, Jiangsu

1 IntroductionLand-ocean interaction in coastalzone is one of the key m atters of the International G eosphereand Biosphere Program (IG BP). The key problem s of the second phase in the next decadeinclude the m aterial cycle, the system evolution process …     

西藏拉萨地块盐湖石英闪长岩成因：锆石SHRIMP U- Pb年代学、地球化学及Sr- Nd- Pb- Hf同位素的制约

西藏阿里盐湖地区发育不同类型的火成岩,通常被认为形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲板片发生断离的构造背景。本文报道了盐湖石英闪长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,全岩地球化学以及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素数据。盐湖石英闪长岩的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为118.5±1.9Ma,属早白垩世晚期。石英闪长岩样品主量元素表现为富钠的钙碱性岩石系列,A/CNK值介于0.84～0.89之间,属准铝质。微量元素富集Rb、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE),无明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.81～0.98),无白云母和碱性暗色矿物,属准铝质未分异的I型花岗岩。盐湖石英闪长岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值为0.7045～0.7048,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于+0.5～+2.1之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值介于+7.9～+13之间,Hf同位素模式年龄t_(DM2)变化于283～674Ma之间。基于同位素以及岩石地球化学数据,表明盐湖石英闪长岩很可能是具亏损地幔印记的新生下地壳在角闪岩相发生部分熔融作用形成的。结合本文以及区域上的研究资料,盐湖石英闪长岩的形成时代和岩石地球化学特征与盐湖复式岩体中的花岗岩存在较大差异,具较低的锆石饱和温度(596～614℃),表明该岩体的形成尚未受到幔源物质上涌带来的热作用影响,很可能形成于板片断离前,班公湖-怒江特提斯洋持续南向俯冲的板片发生折返,俯冲角度变陡的深俯冲背景。     

新疆可可塔勒铅锌成矿带成矿规律

阿尔泰山南缘可可塔勒铅锌成矿带主要由麦兹、克兰、冲乎尔 3个泥盆纪含矿火山沉积盆地组成 ,产于陆缘裂谷带内侧 (近陆一侧 ) ,下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组流纹—英安质火山沉积建造是主含矿层位。按特征矿物组合的不同可分为块状硫化物型、磁铁硫化物型和萤石方铅矿型 3个矿化类型。含矿盆地中规模较大的矿床产于断陷深度大、火山活动强烈的次级火山洼地中。铅锌矿化空间上具有南北分带、东西分区的分布规律性 ,时间上具有较明显的演化性 ,由早到晚 (层位自下而上 )典型的演化序列为 :Fe→ Fe、Pb、Zn→ Pb、Zn、Ag→Pb、Ag( F,Ba)。不同级别的构造控制了不同级别的矿化 ,构成了构造控矿系列     

210Pb and 7Be as Tracers for Aerosol Transfers at Center Guizhou，China：Ⅰ．The Explanation by Weekly Interval

It′s essential to measure air concentrations and depositional fluxes of environmental radionuclides in different regions for modeling global contamination transfer and validation, tracing deposition process and dating, referencing watershed erosion trace and assessing natural radiation of ecosystem. This study introduces the research background and methods and explains weekly variations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air and precipitation at Mt. Guanfeng/Guiyang since 2001. The results indicate that ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air fluctuate periodically at 2~6 week interval because of the meteorological condition changes. The annual trend in ²¹⁰Pb air concentration is overall influenced by air temperature variation and periodical rainfall. ⁷Be air concentration varies up and down regualarly. The synchronization of low concentrations for both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and high ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≥ 0.8) indicate oceanic poor ²¹⁰Pb-⁷Be air mass invasion. The synchronization of high concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and low ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≤ 0.7) implies rich ⁷Be air mass invasion from altostratus atmosphere. Weekly concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in precipitation and the K_d coefficients are high in late Autumn to Spring, and low in late Spring to Autumn. Although ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations vary seasonally, their weekly concentrations in precipitation increase with that of air concentration. The ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be weekly concentrations for seasonal division is about 0.2 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L, respectively. However, the K_d coefficient decreases when ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations increase. Deposition of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation mainly take place in Spring and Summer; The weekly fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be increases with increasing precipitation; the increase of ⁷Be is triple of that of ²¹⁰Pb and 2.5 when precipitation nears to zero. The weekly-high fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation corresponds with the dramatic decrease of their air concentrations within or vicinal weeks. The ratio of ²¹⁰Pb to ⁷Be in rainfall is overall ≤ 0.5 and varies synchronously with the ratio in surface air, indicating that the two radionuclides are cleaned by precipitation from air at close speed. In the extreme freezing disaster in 2008, both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations were low and coupling with coexist of low concentration of aerosol and high nuclides activities. Weekly concentration of ⁷Be in surface air at Mt. Guanfeng demonstrates the anticipated concentration level in the low-latitude and high-elevation region; the short-term fluctuations of ⁷Be concentration indicated the hysteresis was influcenced by the strong air current submersion and the low-elevation air mass rising differently at Mt. Guanfeng and Mt. Waliguan.      

云南荒田大型铅锌矿床的成因:流体包裹体和C- H- O- S- Pb同位素地球化学约束

荒田铅锌矿位于扬子板块西南缘,与华夏地块和三江地块相接,属峨眉山大火成岩省的南延部分,川-滇-黔铅锌银多金属成矿域的南部。矿体赋存于上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩底部与下二叠统茅口组接触面上及其附近的玄武质-灰质角砾岩层中。本文应用流体包裹体和C-H-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学研究手段,来探讨荒田铅锌矿的成因。流体包裹体分析表明,成矿流体性质具有阶段性演化特征,早期硫化物阶段(阶段Ⅰ)出现含子矿物包裹体、CO_2包裹体和H_2O包裹体的组合发育特征,均一温度介于245～320℃,平均为270℃;到中期硫化物阶段(阶段Ⅱ)和晚期硫化物阶段(阶段Ⅲ)则逐渐变为以H_2O包裹体为主要类型,均一温度分别介于180～250℃和100～210℃,平均为224℃和174℃。随着成矿作用的进行,成矿流体的均一温度和盐度均表现出从早阶段到晚阶段逐渐降低的趋势。显微激光拉曼光谱分析显示流体包裹体的液相成分主要为H_2O,气相成分为H_2O、CO_2、CH_4以及N_2。碳、氧同位素组成(δ~(13)C_(PDB)值介于-8.54‰～3.76‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)值介于8.57‰～24.22‰)在δ~(18)O-δ~(13)C图上分布于原生碳酸岩和海相碳酸盐岩之间,指示CO_2可能来自地幔、海相沉积碳酸盐岩溶解和沉积物中有机质的脱羟基作用。氢氧同位素组成(δD值介于-97.4‰～-71.4‰,δ~(18)O_水值介于-4.6‰～8.0‰)在δD-δ~(18)O图上落在岩浆水和大气降水的过渡带上,推测热液流体运移过程中与顺层下渗的大气降水流体混合,期间可能有海水的加入。矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S值介于-5.5‰～10.3‰,指示矿化剂硫具有多种来源,除了直接来自玄武岩外,还来自古海水硫酸盐和碳酸盐岩地层,硫酸盐通过热化学还原(TSR)过程发生还原作用。矿石硫化物铅的~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb比值分别为38.320～39.365、15.603～15.860和18.136～18.786,数据分布呈线性趋势,几乎所有点均落在地壳铅平均演化线以上,且位于峨眉山组玄武岩、碳酸盐岩地层和基底岩石的Pb同位素组成范围之内,说明成矿物质具有多源性,铅同位素在成矿之前存在均一化过程。结合成矿物质和成矿流体来源,以及区域成矿地球动力学背景,认为荒田铅锌矿属于密西西比河谷型(MVT)叠加岩浆热液改造型矿床。     

Accretion and exhumation at a Variscan active margin, recorded in the Saxothuringian flysch

The Saxothuringian flysch basin, on the north flank of the Central European Variscides, was fed and eventually overthrust by the northwestern, active margin of the Tepla-Barrandian terrane. Clast spectra, mineral composition and isotopic ages of detrital mica and zircon have been analyzed in order to constrain accretion and exhumation of rocks in the orogenic wedge. The earliest clastic sediments preserved are of early Famennian age (ca. 370?Ma). They are exposed immediately to the NW of the suture, and belong to the par-autochthon of the foreland. Besides ultramafic (?ophiolite) material, these rocks contain clasts derived from Early Paleozoic continental slope sediments, originally deposited at the NW margin of the Saxothuringian basin. These findings, together with the paleogeographic position of the Famennian clastics debris on the northwestern passive margin, indicate that the Saxothuringian narrow ocean had been closed by that time. Microprobe analyses of detrital hornblendes suggest derivation from the “Randamphibolit” unit, now present in the middle part of the Saxothuringian allochthon (Münchberg nappes). Detrital zircons of metamorphic rocks formed a little earlier (ca. 380?Ma) indicate rapid recycling at the tectonic front. The middle part of the flysch sequence (ca. early to middle Viséan), both in the par-autochthon and in the allochthon, contains abundant clasts of Paleozoic rocks derived from the northwestern slope and rise, together with debris of Cadomian basement, 500-Ma granitoids and 380?Ma (early Variscan) crystalline rocks. All of these source rocks were still available in the youngest part of the flysch (c. middle to late Viséan), but some clasts record, in addition, accretion of the northwestern shelf. Our findings permit deduction of minimum rates of tectonic shortening well in excess of 10–30?mm per year, and rates of exhumation of ca. 3?mm/a, and possibly more.     

江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率

Coastal salt-marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. The total area of coastal wetlands exceeds 5000 km2 in Jiangsu Province, China, but it is decreasing rapidly in response to the intense reclamation activities and coastal erosion along a part of the coastline. Hence, two types of plants, Spartina angelica and Spartina alterniflora, were introduced successively into the Jiangsu coastal areas, in order to protect the coastline from erosion and to increase the accumulation rate. Pb-210 and Cs-137 analyses were carried out for sediment samples from the salt-marshes of Wanggang to determine the sedimentation rate, on the basis of an evaluation of the background activity values and the factors affecting the enrichment of Pb-210. Analysis of a typical sediment column of the tidal flat shows that there is weak absorption of Pb-210 in the silt-dominated sediment. Because of the influences of factors such as storm events, bioturbation, material sources and analytical error, some abnormal data points appear in the Pb-210 record. After ignoring these data the calculated sedimentation rate was 3.3 cm yr-1 on average. Based upon analysis of the Cs-137 dating, the rate since 1963 was 3.1 cm yr-1 on average, similar to the data by Pb-210 dating and the previous studies. The dating results show that there were three stages of sedimentation, with the most rapid accretion being taking place after Spartina angelica was introduced into the area. The study also shows that at the stage of Spartina alterniflora growth, the accretion rate was higher than on the flat surface with the same elevation without the cover of this plant.     

Radiometric dating of lake sediments from Signy Island (maritime Antarctic): evidence of recent climatic change

Sediment cores from three lakes (Moss, Sombre and Heywood) in the maritime Antarctic (Signy Island, South Orkney Islands) have been successfully dated radiometrically by²¹⁰Pb and¹³⁷Cs. The core inventories of both fallout radionuclides are an order of magnitude higher than that which can be supported by the direct atmospheric flux at this latitude. The elevated values may be explained by fallout onto the catchment during the winter being delivered directly to the lakes during the annual thaw. Two of the lakes (Sombre and Heywood) show marked increases in sediment accumulation afterc. 1950. This appears to be associated with a documented rise in temperature in the South Orkney Islands, which has caused extensive deglaciation at Signy Island.This is the tenth of a series of papers to be published by this journal following the 20 ^th anniversary of the first application of²¹⁰Pb dating of lake sediments. Dr P.G. Appleby is guest editing this series.     

ON THE DEPOSITIONAL DYNAMICS OF GUANHE ESTUARY

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滇西北维西陆缘弧月亮坪早三叠世VMS型铅锌矿床的发现及地质意义

滇西北维西陆缘弧夹持于扬子地块和兰坪地块之间,是古特提斯时期形成的火山弧,中—下三叠统攀天阁组酸性端元和崔依比组基性端元构成的双峰式火山岩是其主要组成部分,被视为研究古特提斯洋俯冲和闭合过程的关键区带.本文初次在该火山岩带攀天阁组长英质火山岩中发现了1处V MS型矿床——月亮坪铅锌矿.初步野外调查显示,铅锌矿体具有"上...