Study on inelastic displacement ratio spectra for near-fault pulse-type ground motions

In displacement-based seismic design, inelastic displacement ratio spectra (IDRS) are particularly useful for estimating the maximum lateral inelastic displacement demand of a nonlinear SDOF system from the maximum elastic displacement demand of its counterpart linear elastic SDOF system. In this study, the characteristics of IDRS for near-fault pulse-type ground motions are investigated based on a great number of earthquake ground motions. The in? uence of site conditions, ratio of peak ground velocity (PGV) to peak ground acceleration (PGA), the PGV, and the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) on IDRS are also evaluated. The results indicate that the effect of near-fault ground motions on IDRS are signifi cant only at periods between 0.2 s - 1.5 s, where the amplifi cation can approach 20%. The PGV/PGA ratio has the most signifi cant in? uence on IDRS among the parameters considered. It is also found that site conditions only slightly affect the IDRS.     

An accessible strong-motion dataset (PGA,PGV, and site vS30) of 2022 MS6.8 Luding,China Earthquake

A M_S6.8 earthquake occurred on 5th September 2022 in Luding county, Sichuan, China, at 12: 52 Beijing Time(4:52 UTC). We complied a dataset of PGA, PGV, and site v_S30 of 73 accelerometers and 791 Micro-Electro-Mechanical System(MEMS)sensors within 300 km of the epicenter. The inferred v_S30 of 820 recording sites were validated. The study results show that:(1)The maximum horizontal PGA and PGV reaches 634.1 Gal and 71.1 cm/s respectively.(2) Over 80% of records ar...     

地震预警现地PGV连续预测的最小二乘支持向量机模型

为提升现地仪器地震烈度预测的准确性与连续性,研究面向地震预警的PGV连续预测模型.以中国仪器地震烈度标准的计算参数：0.1~10 Hz带通滤波三分向矢量合成速度峰值PGV为预测目标,利用日本K-net与KiK-net台网P波触发后1~10 s强震数据,基于人工智能中的机器学习方法-最小二乘支持向量机,选取7种特征参数作为输入构建最小二乘支持向量机PGV预测模型LSSVM-PGV.结果表明,本文建立的LSSVM-PGV模型在训练数据集与测试数据集上的预测误差标准差变化趋于一致,具备泛化性能;P波触发后3 s预测PGV与实测PGV即可整体符合1：1关系,随着时间窗的增长,PGV预测的误差标准差显著减小、并在P波触发后6 s趋向收敛,具备准确连续预测能力;对比同为P波触发后3 s的常用Pd-PGV模型,LSSVM-PGV模型的PGV预测误差标准差明显减小,"小值高估"与"大值低估"现象明显改善,预测准确性得到提升.熊本地震序列的震例分析表明,对于6.5级以下地震,LSSVM-PGV模型最多在P波触发后3 s即可预测出与实测PGV整体符合1：1关系的PGV;对于7.3级主震,由于其破裂过程的复杂性,P波触发后3 s的预测结果出现一定程度的低估,但随着时间窗增长至6 s时,预测PGV与实测PGV符合1：1关系、并直到10 s整体趋势保持一致.本文构建的LSSVM-PGV模型可用于现地地震预警仪器地震烈度的预测.     

地震动峰值速度对地下隧洞内力的影响研究

本文利用混合模拟方法,合成了加速度反应谱及峰值位移相同,而峰值速度不同的两组人工地震动时程.同时选择典型隧洞,进行了弹塑性地震反应分析,研究了地震波水平输入时,地震动峰值速度对隧洞内力的影响.在软土场地中,当加速度反应谱及峰值位移相同时,峰值速度较大的地震动时程将引起隧洞较大的弯矩和剪力.在硬土场地中,峰值速度对隧洞弯...     

Long-period ground motions from the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake

We study characteristics of long-period ground motions from the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mj 8.0), a large interplate earthquake, based on spatial distribution maps and attenuation relationships for four kinds of peak ground velocity (PGV) value. The first kind (PGV(WB)) is obtained from a maximal value of vector sum of the three-component, wide-band velocity seismograms, and the other three kinds (PGV(BP10), PGV(BP20), and PGV(BP30)) are obtained from a maximal value of vector sum of the three-component, narrow band-pass filtered velocity seismograms (the central periods are 10, 20, and 30 s). The spatial distribution maps for all kinds of PGV value show azimuth dependence; the PGV values in Hokkaido, northern side of the epicenter are larger than those in Tohoku, southwestern side of the epicenter, when compared at a comparable distance. We find that the features result from the radiation pattern of long-period surface waves, that is, the source effect. The attenuation relationships show the following trends: The PGV(WB) values are larger than the sum of the PGV(BP10), PGV(BP20), and PGV(BP30) at distances (D) less than 200 km, while the PGV(WB) values are comparable to the sum of the PGV(BP20) and PGV(BP30) at D > 200 km. This indicates that the PGV(WB) values at D < 200 km are affected by ground motions with periods less than 10 s, while long-period surface waves mainly contribute to the PGV(WB) values at D > 200 km. The basin site effects generate a patchy pattern in the spatial distribution maps and a large scattering in the attenuation relationships for the PGV(WB) and PGV(BP10) values. Finally, we conclude that the PGV(WB) values from the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake are controlled by the radiation pattern of long-period S and surface waves and various basin site effects.     

Attenuation relations of peak ground acceleration and velocity in the Southern Dead Sea Transform region

Using the recorded earthquake strong ground motion, the attenuation of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) are derived in the southern Dead Sea Transform region. The expected values of strong motion parameters from future earthquakes are estimated from attenuation equations, which are determined by regression analysis on real accelerograms. In this study, the method of Joyner and Boor [Bull Seismol Soc Am 71(6):2011–2038, 1981] was selected to produce the attenuation model for the southern Dead Sea Transform region. The dataset for PGA consists of 57 recordings from 30 earthquakes and for PGV 26 recordings from 19 earthquakes. The attenuation relations developed in this study are proposed as replacement for former probabilistic relations that have been used for a variety of earthquake engineering applications. The comparison between the derived PGA relations from this study with the former relations clearly shows significant lower values than the other relations.     

Epistemic uncertainty in on-site earthquake early warning on the use of PGV–PD3 empirical models

From the literature, we found that PGV–PD3 regressions for on-site earthquake early warning (EEW) can be quite different depending on the presumption whether or not PGV–PD3 data from different regions should be “mixable” in regression analyses. As a result, this becomes a source of epistemic uncertainty in the selection of a PGV–PD3 empirical relationship for on-site EEW. This study is aimed at examining the influence of this epistemic uncertainty on EEW decision-making, and demonstrating it with an example on the use of PGV–PD3 models developed with data from Taiwan, Japan, and Southern California. The analysis shows that using the “global” PGV–PD3 relationship for Southern California would accompany a more conservative EEW decision-making (i.e., early warning is activated more frequently) than using the local empirical model developed with the PGV–PD3 data from Southern California only. However, the influence of this epistemic uncertainty on EEW is not that obvious for the cases of Taiwan and Japan.     

近场水平地震动选取原则及脉冲型水平地震动弹性谱特性研究

以近40年来世界范围内发生的20次地震总计800条水平地震记录为基础,从加速度反应谱入手,研究震中距、PGV/PGA比值及震级对水平加速度反应谱特性的影响,提出了一种同时考虑震中距、PGV/PGA比值及震级3个指标的近场地震动选取方法。然后对选取的脉冲型水平地震记录作加速度反应谱研究场地类别、震级、PGV/PGA比值等因素对脉冲型水平地震动反应谱特性的影响。研究表明:(1)PGV/PGA>0.2、震中距D<20 km、6.5PGV/PGA>0.2、震中距207.0作为中远场脉冲型地震动的选择原则需要进一步研究。(3)震级M_w>7.0时脉冲型地震动反应谱谱值在中长周期范围内明显增大。(4)PGV/PGA>0.2时脉冲型地震动平均谱谱值在中长周期范围内明显增大。     

西南地区水平向峰值速度、峰值位移衰减关系研究

本文收集西南地区79个4.0 < M_S≤8.0主震、0 < R_rup < 300 km的自由场地加速度记录,采用合理可靠的数据处理方法获得峰值速度（PGV）和峰值位移（PGD）的水平分量几何均值各1600个.建立包含西南地区强震动数据及相应的震源、距离、场地参数等各项元数据的数据集.统计回归得到西南地区包含震级饱和效应、震级相关几何衰减、线性和非线性场地响应、非弹性衰减的水平向PGV、PGD衰减关系.进行了事件间和事件内残差评估、模型评估.将本文衰减曲线与西南地区大震和强震的实际观测值、川藏区水平向PGV衰减关系以及NGA-West1的水平向PGD衰减关系进行对比.结果表明,本文衰减关系用于估计西南地区震级M_S4.0-8.0、距离10~300 km的地震动PGV、PGD是有效的.绝大多数汶川、芦山、鲁甸和九寨沟地震的PGV、PGD观测值分布在本文PGV、PGD衰减曲线±1倍标准差以内.本文的PGV、PGD衰减曲线显示了震级相关的PGV、PGD衰减和土层非线性的平均效应.与国内常用衰减关系和NGA-West1衰减关系相比,本文衰减关系能更好地体现震源特性、传播介质、场地非线性对西南地区水平向PGV、PGD衰减特征的影响.

     

粤西沿海震动图的生成和研究

震动图是描绘地震产生的地面运动和可能破坏情况的有效工具,主要包括峰值地面速度(PGV)等值线图、峰值地面加速度(PGA)等值线图和仪器烈度分布图等.基于华南数字地震台网记录到的2010年7月9日MS3.7级阳江地震的数据资料,利用SAC和GMT软件从记录到的地震波形数据提取地面运动参数,生成了PGV和PGA等值线图,并...