逆掩断层垂向封闭性定量模拟实验及评价方法

在正确分析逆掩断层形成的地质条件和封闭机理的基础上,本文认为与逆掩断层相伴生的塑性岩石的变形特征、断面压力和断裂带中泥质含量是影响断层垂向封闭性的主要因素。进行了断裂带填充物中泥质含量与断层封闭性定量关系物理模拟实验,并分析了岩石变形特征对断层封闭性的影响,建立了断层封闭性评价标准,提出了利用断裂带填充物质的性质、断面压力和膏泥岩变形特征评价断层封闭性方法。选择了库车坳陷克拉 3号构造进行了实例分析,结果表明该方法具有可靠性     

从阿巴拉契亚-阿钦塔造山带看中国北方大陆南缘古生代的油气前景

阿巴拉契亚-阿钦塔造山带是北美乃至世界著名的大陆边缘挤压碰撞推覆造山带,是地质学研究的经典地区之一,也是许多经典地学理论和概念的发源地.其中,对地质学影响最大的当属地槽学说.继20世纪60年代由深海钻探带来地学革命之后,由COCORP实施的地震反射剖面和深钻揭示了该造山带的巨大推覆构造.人们惊奇地发现,在巨大推覆体之下...     

辽宁西部TM图像逆冲断层解译及找煤研究

辽西坳陷中的断陷盆地边缘逆冲断层发育。本文描述了逆冲断层的TM影像特征,解译划分了逆冲断裂带,并指出逆冲断层对找煤远景解译推断的意义。具体分析了南票、北票矿区外围的找煤远景,还应用影像特征探索性地对逆冲断层倾角进行了解译分类。     

Crustal structure of the Ruby Mountains and southern Carlin Trend region, Nevada, from magnetotelluric data

We have collected about 150 magnetotelluric (MT) soundings in northeastern Nevada in the region of the Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex uplift and southern Carlin mineral trend, in an effort to illuminate controls on core complex evolution and deposition of world-class gold deposits. The region has experienced a broad range of tectonic events including several periods of compressional and extensional deformation, which have contributed to the total expression of electrical resistivity. Most of the soundings reside in three east–west profiles across increasing degrees of core uplift to the north (Bald Mountain, Harrison Pass, and Secret Pass latitudes). One short cross-line was also taken to assess an east–west structure to the north of the northern profile. Model resistivity cross-sections were derived from the MT data using a 2-D inversion algorithm, which damps departures of model parameters from an a priori structure. Geological interpretation of the resistivity combines previous seismic, potential field and isotope models, structural and petrological models for regional compression and extension, and detailed structural/stratigraphic interpretations incorporating drilling for petroleum and mineral exploration. To first order, the resistivity structure is one of a moderately conductive, Phanerozoic sedimentary section fundamentally disrupted by intrusion and uplift of resistive crystalline rocks. Late Devonian and early Mississippian shales of the Pilot and Chainman Formations together form an important conductive marker sequence in the stratigraphy and show pronounced increases in conductance (conductivity–thickness product) from east to west. These increases are attributed to graphitization caused by Elko–Sevier era compressional shear deformation and possibly by intrusive heating. The resistive crystalline central massifs adjoin the host stratigraphy across crustal-scale, steeply dipping fault zones. The zones provide pathways to the lower crust for heterogeneous, upper crustal induced, electric current flow. Resistive core complex crust appears steeply bounded under the middle of the neighboring grabens and not to deepen at a shallow angle to arbitrary distances to the west. The numerous crustal breaks imaged with MT may contribute to the low effective elastic thickness (T_e) estimated regionally for the Great Basin and exemplify the mid-crustal, steeply dipping slip zones in which major earthquakes nucleate. An east–west oriented conductor in the crystalline upper crust spans the East Humboldt Range and northern Ruby Mountains. The conductor may be related to nearby graphitic metasediments, with possible alteration by middle Tertiary magmatism. Lower crustal resistivity everywhere under the profiles is low and appears quasi one-dimensional. It is consistent with a low rock porosity (<1 vol.%) containing hypersaline brines and possible water-undersaturated crustal melts, residual to the mostly Miocene regional extension. The resistivity expression of the southern Carlin Trend (CT) in the Pinon Range is not a simple lineament but rather a family of structures attributed to Eocene intrusion, stratal deformation, and alteration/graphitization. Substantial reactivation or overprinting by core complex uplift or Basin–Range extensional events seems likely. We concur with others that the Carlin Trend may result in part from overlap of the large Eocene Northeast Nevada Volcanic Field with Precambrian–Paleozoic deep-water clastic source rocks thickening abruptly to the west of the Pinon Range, and projecting to the north–northwest.     

应用深部物探资料探讨赣中南地区深断裂、隐伏逆冲推覆构造与铀成矿的关系

通过对江西省１０条大地电磁测深（ＭＴ）剖面研究成果和区域重磁、莫霍面对比分析研究,讨论了赣中南地区深部地质构造格架。本区属华南块体。与扬子块体接壤地带的萍乡－广丰一线呈现为近东西向展布的幔凹－幔坡带。华南块体内部为北北东－北东向幔隆－幔坡－幔凹结构。莫霍面变异部位多为深断裂带反映。推断了近东西向展布的萍乡－广丰深断裂带、北北东向抚州－安远深断裂带和北北东向丰城－大余深断裂带;同时推断了北东向于都－宁都逆冲推覆滑覆构造系、近东西向乐安－南城逆冲推覆构造系等。根据铀矿产的分布,论证了莫霍面变异部位、逆冲推覆构造与铀成矿作用存在着十分密切的时空关系,为寻找隐伏铀矿提供了线索。     

地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用

针对复杂介质的成像问题，提出了一套地震资料叠前深度偏移方法流程，主要包括三部分：（１）地震资料精细预处理；（２）速度－深度模型建立；（３）叠前深度偏移成像．以Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ偏移理论为基础，强调地质与地球物理的综合以及地震处理与解释的一体化．在ＺＸ地区成功地实现了二维地震资料叠前深度偏移，所获得的ＮＥ２０６叠前深度偏移剖面揭示了复杂的ＺＸ古潜山及其内部构造，并清楚地展示了逆掩断层的存在．     

盐丘模型 推覆体模型 波动方程 叠前深度偏移

三维波动方程叠前深度偏移是复杂介质中进行构造成像、弹性参数反演的重要环节.由于其技术实现不仅涉及波场延拓理论的创新,而且需要大规模计算,因而研究难度较大. 本文以实验效果的取得为目的,完整地实现了SEG/EAEG盐丘和推覆体模型的三维波动方程辛几何算法的叠前深度偏移成像计算. 文中详细考察了所研制的波动方程三维叠前深度偏移软件系统及其对复杂地质构造的成像能力. 具体包括：1）对于盐丘模型,文中讨论了成像参数的选择、地震子波对成像精度的影响、完成二维及三维叠前深度偏移的比较;2）对推覆体模型,文中进行了脉冲响应测试;3）由两个模型的成像结果可见本文的波动方程三维叠前深度偏移软件系统已具有适应强速度横向变化、复杂构造的成像能力.     

山前逆掩断裂带大地电磁测深：模型及勘探实例

国外对逆掩断层大地电磁测深模型的计算表明，上盘与上盘的电阻率之比为１００：１的条件下，其厚度之比为５０：１时，即可被清楚显示；电阻率之比为１０：１的条件下，厚度之比为２０：１￣１０：１时，可以被识别。我国西部地区的逆掩断层一般上盘厚为５００￣１０００ｍ，下盘为１０００￣３０００ｍ，上、下盘电阻率之比约为１０：１，这种结构非常适合于大地电磁测深研究。对吐哈盆地的吐鲁番坳陷和三塘湖盆地逆掩断裂带的研究     

Biodegradation and migrational fractionation of oils from the Eastern Carpathians, Poland

Nineteen oil samples from Silesian Unit of the eastern Carpathian Overthrust have been characterised geochemically in order to determine the causes of compositional differences among them and elucidating the processes responsible for their differences. Some of analysed crude oils have undergone post-emplacement alteration in the reservoir such as biodegradation and evaporative fractionation. This explains much of the chemical and physical properties variability across individual fields from one tectonic unit. Geochemical correlation based on biomarker distributions showed a close relationship between all oils (included biodegraded oils). However, data based on the whole oil GC analysis of selected oils suggest that the process of evaporative fractionation may change the composition of lower molecular weight hydrocarbons of the oils in this region. This paper outlines the probable mechanisms for oil mixing in the region and describes how this can lead to observable lateral differences in the composition of oils.