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1.
David M. Hirsch 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(4):401-415
Garnet-bearing schists from the Waterville Formation of south-central Maine provide an opportunity to examine the factors
governing porphyroblast size over a range of metamorphic grade. Three-dimensional sizes and locations for all garnet porphyroblasts
were determined for three samples along the metamorphic field gradient spanning lowest garnet through sillimanite grade, using
high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Comparison of crystal size distributions to previous data sets obtained by stereological
methods for the same samples reveals significant differences in mode, mean, and shape of the distributions. Quantitative textural
analysis shows that the garnets in each rock crystallized in a diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth regime. In contrast
to the typical observation of a correlation between porphyroblast size and position along a metamorphic field gradient, porphyroblast
size of the lowest-grade specimen is intermediate between the high- and middle-grade specimens’ sizes. Mean porphyroblast
size does not correlate with peak temperatures from garnet-biotite Fe-Mg exchange thermometry, nor is post-crystallization
annealing (Ostwald Ripening) required to produce the observed textures, as was previously proposed for these rocks. Robust
pseudosection calculations fail to reproduce the observed garnet core compositions for two specimens, suggesting that these
calc-pelites experienced metasomatism. For each of these two specimens, Monte Carlo calculations suggest potential pre-metasomatism
bulk compositions that replicate garnet core compositions. Pseudosection analyses allow the estimation of the critical temperatures
for garnet growth: ∼481, ∼477, and ∼485°C for the lowest-garnet-zone, middle-garnet-zone, and sillimanite-zone specimens,
respectively. Porphyroblast size appears to be determined in this case by a combination of the heating rate during garnet
crystallization, the critical temperature for the garnet-forming reaction and the kinetics of nucleation. Numerical simulations
of thermally accelerated, diffusion-controlled nucleation, and growth for the three samples closely match measured crystal
size distributions. These observations and simulations suggest that previous hypotheses linking the garnet size primarily
to the temperature at the onset of porphyroblast nucleation can only partially explain the observed textures. Also important
in determining porphyroblast size are the heating rate and the distribution of favorable nucleation sites. 相似文献
2.
Deep sea drilling in the Central Gulf of California, a young and active spreading centre, shows that the high heat flow typical of these regions causes extensive alteration of sediment organic matter, especially near sills and above magma chambers where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Even on the nearby passive margin, where there are no sills, heat flow is moderately high and hydrocarbon generation has begun in immature sequences. Migrating light hydrocarbons are detected especially where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Thermogenic methane is more widespread, though not in the passive margin bordering the spreading centre. Despite the incidence of hydrocarbon generation and migration, the amounts of hydrocarbons involved are relatively small and apparently do not lead to commercially significant accumulations of petroleum.The organic matter in these sediments is mostly marine because the Gulf of California generally has low runoff from land and highly productive surface waters. Turbidites rich in terrigenous organic material are locally abundant in the mainly pelagic section in the Guaymas Basin. The highest concentrations of organic matter are found in laminated diatomites deposited on the Guaymas passive margin within the oxygen minimum zone. 相似文献
3.
4.
Regional variation in maturation of sandeels in the North Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
5.
性外激素诱导大弹涂鱼成熟和产卵 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
成熟大弹涂鱼的卵巢、精巢和储精囊稀释液中的性外激素以及缩宫素和脱氧皮质酮(DOC)能诱导第4时相的大弹涂鱼卵母细胞在离体培养的条件下发育成熟,成熟率与性外激素的种类和剂量有关。前列腺素E1(PGE1)单独使用的效果不明显,但与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)混合使用时显著提高了卵母细胞的成熟率。以卵巢、精巢和储精囊稀释液以及PGE1分别注射雌性大弹涂鱼,剂量为0.01cm^3/尾的卵巢液、0.1cm^3/尾的储精囊液、0.1cm^3/尾的精巢液以及剂量为10μg/尾的PGE1都有诱导卵母细胞成熟的作用,其中储精囊液的作用最为显著。在人工管道中放置大弹涂鱼成熟亲鱼卵巢、精巢或储精囊的稀释液,有诱异性亲鱼进入管道内的作用,其中以储精囊液对雌鱼的吸引作用尤为明显。放置于陶瓷管道或海绵管道内的卵巢、精巢或储精囊稀释液都能诱导大弹涂鱼产卵,在陶瓷管道的产卵量和受精率显著高于海绵管道。 相似文献
6.
Stratigraphy, sedimentology and bulk organic geochemistry of black shales from the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup (central India) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Four organic-rich shale units of the Proterozoic Vindhyan sedimentary succession have been scanned to reveal their origin
and hydrocarbon potential. The wavy-crinkly nature of the carbonaceous laminae is suggestive of a microbial mat origin of
the shales. These shales are thus different from Phanerozoic black shales which typically exhibit planar laminae. The hydrocarbon
potential of the black shale units has been evaluated by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Total organic carbon content of many of the
shales exceeds 1%. The meanT
max for the black shales translate to a vitrinite reflectance range of 2.05-2.40% Rm based on standard conversion techniques.
These shales have reached the catagenetic stage near the beginning of anthracite formation. 相似文献
7.
8.
HAO Fang JIANG Jianqun ZOU Huayao FANG Yong & ZENG Zhiping . Key Lab for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism in the Ministry of Education Petroleum University Beijing China . Department of Petroleum Geology China University of Geosciences Wuhan China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(9)
Thetraditionalhydrocarbongenerationmodeldoesnottakeintoaccounttheeffectofpressure[1].Astotheroleofpressureinorganicmattermaturationandpetroleumgeneration,threeconflictingopinionshaveeverbeenproposed:(1)Increasingpressurehasnodetectableeffectonorganic-mattermaturation[1,2];(2)increasingpressureenhanceshydrocarbon-thermaldestruction[3];(3)increasingpressuresignificantlyretardsorganic-mattermaturationandhydrocarbongeneration[4,5].Therearemorethan180overpressuredbasinsintheworld.Theroleofoverpress… 相似文献
9.
库车坳陷西部构造圈闭形成期与烃源岩生烃期匹配关系探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据库车坳陷西部地质剖面分析其构造圈闭类型,利用平衡剖面和生长地层分析构造圈闭形成期次。选取大北1井和一口人工井,应用PRA公司的BasinMod1-D软件,对其进行烃源岩成熟度史模拟,分析烃源岩的主要生烃期。根据构造圈闭形成期与烃源岩主要生烃期的匹配关系,认为西秋里塔格构造带盐下古构造圈闭与拜城凹陷烃源岩生烃期匹配良好,形成的油气藏大部分在后期保存良好,盐上圈闭可能形成油藏,盐层内部圈闭可能形成油藏、气藏或油气藏,在较厚盐层之下的圈闭可能会形成气藏。克拉苏构造带古构造圈闭与克拉苏构造带烃源岩主要生烃期以及拜城凹陷的主要生油期匹配良好,可以形成良好的油气藏,但是库车组沉积末期—第四纪构造破坏严重,油气藏经受构造调整、破坏和再分配形成残余油气藏、次生油气藏,此时正处于侏罗系烃源岩生气期,可以在盐下形成大量气藏。 相似文献
10.
Petroleum hydrocarbons are formed by breakdown of kerogen preserved in source rocks throughout the process of catagenesis. This process is accompanied by free radical generation in kerogen. The availability of measuring free radicals in kerogen using ESR to deduce a maturation estimation of potential source rocks has been hindered due to the presence of the solvent-extractable organic molecules (SEOM) trapped within the kerogen matrix. Spin concentration (Ns) of the kerogen treated with pyridine (KPy) represents the paramagnetic centers of the kerogen matrix itself and provides a potential parameter to evaluate kerogen maturation. 相似文献