普朗铜矿找矿标志及找矿模型

普朗铜矿矿体形态简单,以铜为主,伴生金、硫等多种有益组份。找矿标志为深大断裂旁侧的次级两组断裂交汇部位;特别是多种岩类的杂岩体,裂隙发育地段;斑岩体靠沟谷部位(负地形)等。土壤化探异常Cu>400×10-6和Mo>10×10-6异常叠加部位;视极化率大于10%的激电异常,磁异常约50～100nT的部位等。初步建立找矿模型,运用该模型,在矿区外围已发现普上、亚杂等一批铜(多金属)矿体,矿化体,具有明显的找矿指导意义。     

Neuzeitlicher Schadstofftrend: Polycylische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAK) in aquatischen und terrestrischen Sedimenten

A Recent Contamination Trend: Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Aquatic and Terrestrial Sediments Concentrations of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured in aquatic sediments of small, medium‐sized or very large inland lakes, of estuaries as well as in terrestrial sediments from Germany, the UK, Finland, and the USA were plotted in 10 trend curves over the period from 1800 to 1990. The segments of the bore cores were dated for their deposition age. For comparability of the results, the trend is preferentially shown by the guide parameter fluoranthene. Until the 19th century, a constant background value of C_Fluo = 10…50 μg/kg was observed in all regions. Then a steep increase in concentration followed, reaching in the aquatic sediments a maximum in the period 1940 to 1965, while the individual fluoranthene values ranged widely from 90 to 2400 μg/kg. In several regions, a more or less distinct decrease superseded this maximum, although this development did not appear in terrestrial sediments, in one estuary, and in remote forest lakes in Finland. The trend curves reflect the atmospheric deposition of PAHs in airborne dust and in some cases the import through runoff via rivers. Thus, the sediment profiles depict the development of air pollution by pyrogenic contaminants over more than a century. Sediment profiles from rivers can be used only with a high degree of reservation, because of the irregularity and low representativity of the sedimentation.     

贵德盆地热结构及地热成因机制

贵德盆地位于青藏高原东北缘黄河谷地之中, 四周环山, 为新生代断陷盆地, 地貌单元位于青藏块体, 地处祁连、昆仑和秦岭三大褶皱系交汇地带; 新构造活动强烈, 发育一系列NWW向、NW向及NNW向断裂, 为区内高温地热系统提供了较好的地热地质条件。区内地热显示类型多样, 水热活动剧烈, 尤其是盆地西部的扎仓寺热田, 水温高达 93℃, 蕴藏着丰富的地热资源。但是由于客观条件限制, 区内地热资源的开发利用及相关研究尚有不足之处。     

青海贵德县扎仓温泉特征及其开发利用

扎仓温泉位于青海省贵德县扎仓寺村,其开发利用至今已有600多年的历史。温泉出露于断裂带交汇部位,地下热水矿化度为1 310~1 390 mg/L, 水化学类型属于SO₄·Cl-Na型。研究结果表明,温泉的补给来源为大气降水,温泉水年龄约165 a。利用SiO₂温标法计算出热储温度为136 ℃,估算热水循环深度为1 385 m。温泉的天然放热量大于1.23×10¹⁴J/a,扎仓沟地区的地热资源量达2.07×10¹⁴J以上。热水宜直接用于供暖、洗浴、温室种植和养殖等。该地热田深部尚有地热能潜力。     

关于地震预报科学思路,方法论及难点的思考

中国地震预报的科学思路为整体观指导下的异常群体阶段性追踪预报模式。在方法论方面强调了宏观唯象方法的重要性,认为利用地震学、地球物理、地壳形变和地球化学等资料,采用统计识别的方法来寻找地震前兆、进行三要素预报是解决孕震过程这类复杂系统的较好方法。同时指出,地震成因、震源孕育物理力学过程、前兆成因机制、临震阶段起主宰作用的变量等是地震预报的难关所在。临震阶段潮汐力、气压、降水等这些平时视为干扰因素的变化,可能成为发震的触发调制因素。从而增加了前兆的复杂性,在排除干扰时应特别注意。     

中国地层学史上的“历史优先律事件”和“优先律双重标准事件”

近10年内,中国地层学史上发生过两件大事:一是“历史优先律事件”,表现为全国地层委员会具体组织并由其副主任程裕淇主编的《中国地层典》,对优先权法则不执行以出版为基础的“出版优先律”而执行不论发表与否仅以“尊重原始命名者”为基础的“历史优先律”;二是“优先律双重标准事件”,在全国地层委员会颁布的《中国地层指南》(修订版)内对优先律搞双重标准。这两个事件均表现对“优先权法则”国际共识内涵的偏离,偏离了以出版为基础的“出版优先律”。尤其不应该的是,当人们对“历史优先律”提出异议后,全国地层委员会不但不及时纠正“历史优先律”的片面观点,相反地却在修订中国地层命名法时,为了给“历史优先律”合法化创造条件,竟然在《中国地层指南》(修订版)内,对优先权搞双重标准。“历史优先律事件”和“优先律双重标准事件”破坏了地层命名法的标准性,颠倒了中国地层命名史,干扰了中国地层名称的管理,是全国地层委员会的失误。     

青藏高原东北缘贵德坳陷源岩时代及勘探潜力

青藏高原东北缘贵德坳陷发育一套烃源岩,长期以来,其时代归属不统一,其生烃能力认识不清,制约了该坳陷油气资源勘探的进程.本文通过野外踏勘、露头剖面实测和样品分析及连续电磁剖面(CEMP)测量结果得出以下认识:①根据沉积特征及孢粉组合,结合区域地质资料,确定了该套地层形成时代为早白垩世,沉积环境为浅湖—半深湖;②借助野外实测剖面及连续电磁剖面(CEMP)资料,确定了该套烃源岩的发育规模;③通过对剖面样品的有机质丰度、热演化程度等实验分析,对该套烃源岩的油气勘探潜力进行了综合评价,认为该套烃源岩分布范围广,厚度大,有机质丰度高,热演化程度适中,可以作为贵德坳陷的有效烃源岩,提升了贵德坳陷油气勘探潜力;④利用野外调查结果及连续电磁剖面(CEMP)资料对贵德坳陷生储盖组合进行综合分析,并指出了有利的勘探方向.     

新S星的IRAS证认

本文利用红外天文卫星点源表及哈勃望远镜导星星表对１９９０年新发表的７５个Ｓ星进行了ＩＲＡＳ红外源及ＧＳＣ光学对应体的证认，给出４１个Ｓ星有ＩＲＡＳ对应体，１２个Ｓ星有ＧＳＣ光学对应体。     

Assessment of soil metal distribution and environmental impact of mining in Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Metal and metalloid (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn) distribution in soils from the Katanga Copperbelt (Democratic Republic of Congo) is investigated in order to characterize the environmental impacts of mining and smelting activities in that area. The concentrations of Cu, Co, As, Zn, Pb and Cd in soils from mining sites are higher than in non-metalliferous sites and above permissible metal and metalloid concentrations in soils. Moreover, the fractionation and mobility of Co, and Cu in such environment is assessed using the application of both ammonium acetate-EDTA extraction and speciation modeling (WHAM 6). The resulting data set covers wide range of environmental conditions (pH, trace metals concentration, natural soils and soils affected by mining and ore processing). These extractions show that only a small fraction of Cu and Co is mobile, with variation depending on sites: mobility is higher in soils affected by mining and ore processing. The strong affinity of Mn-oxides for Co may explain lower Co mobility in Mn-rich soils. The high Mn and Fe contents of Cu–Co soils from Katanga may actually exert a protective effect against the toxic effects of Co. Finally, Cu–Co speciation modeling of contaminated sites emphasizes that organic matter strongly sorb Cu whereas Co speciation is mostly by Mn content. This type of study leads to a better understanding of metal fractionation and can guide to define different practices of phytoremediation.     

贵德盆地黄河出现的古地磁年代及其意义

发源于青藏高原的黄河,其形成与青藏高原隆起有密切关系,因此,黄河上游的形成演化,对于研究青藏高原的隆升以及黄河水利的开发利用等均有重要的实际意义和科学价值。青藏高原东北部的贵德盆地发育巨厚的新生代地层,其最上部的一套湖相沉积代表了黄河出现之前的最后沉积。古地磁测年表明这套地层的结束时代约为1．8Ma,指示黄河在本区大约同时出现,是青藏运动C幕的产物,此后至今黄河已净下切了约940m,指示本区高原的快速隆起,不支持青藏高原在中新世达到最大高度然后垮塌的观点。