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1.
We show how the Yarkovsky effect can be understood as a heat engine. The output of the engine, manifested in the rate of change in semimajor axis of the body, has a maximum at an intermediate heat capacity, depending on the rotation rate of the body. This maximum arises because the work output depends on the product of the solar heat absorbed by the body and transported from its morning to evening side (this am-pm heat flux increases with heat capacity) and the Carnot efficiency (which declines with heat capacity). 相似文献
2.
Robert Shcherbakov Jordan Van Aalsburg John B. Rundle Donald L. Turcotte 《Tectonophysics》2006,413(1-2):53
Correlations in space and time play a fundamental role in earthquake processes. One direct manifestation of the effects of correlations is the occurrence of aftershocks due to the stress transfer in the vicinity of a main shock. Less obvious and more speculative changes in correlations may occur in the background seismicity before large earthquakes. Using statistical physics it is possible to introduce a measure of spatial correlations through a correlation length. This quantity characterizes how local fluctuations can influence the occurrence of earthquakes over distances comparable with the correlation length. In this work, the physical basis of spatial correlations of earthquakes is discussed in the context of critical phenomena and the percolation problem. The method of two-point correlation function is applied to the seismicity of California. Well defined variations in time of the correlation length are found for aftershock sequences and background seismicity. The scaling properties of our obtained distributions are analyzed with respect to changes in several scaling parameters such as lower magnitude cutoff of earthquakes, the maximum time interval between earthquakes, and the spatial size of the area considered. This scaling behavior can be described in a unified manner by utilizing the multifractal fit. Utilizing the percolation approach the time evolution of clusters of earthquakes is studied with the correlation length defined in terms of the radius of gyration of clusters. This method is applied to the seismicity of California. 相似文献
3.
Spatial assessment and redesign of a groundwater quality monitoring network using entropy theory, Gaza Strip, Palestine 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Using entropy theory, a methodology was developed for the evaluation and redesign of groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Essential to the methodology is the development of a Transinformation Model (TM) which yields the amount of information transfer and the dependency between the wells as a function of distance. The TM parameters, such as the minimum transinformation and the range, were employed for evaluating the network which revealed that most of the distances between wells were less than the range. It also indicated that a high percentage of redundant information existed in the network. Therefore, the network was reduced by superimposing a square pattern over the monitored area and selecting one well per square block in a stratified pattern. The methodology was tested using the chloride data collected from 1972–2000 from 417 groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip. The number of the groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip was reduced by 53%, while there was 26% redundant information based on the minimum existing distance between wells. This methodology is meant to help monitor the groundwater quality (salinity) in the Gaza Strip. 相似文献
4.
对自20世纪80年代以来的大气热力学发展进行了综合评述, 阐述了如城市热岛效应、全球增暖等非传统大气热力学问题; 基于大气非平衡态热力学的非线性理论, 提出应发展突显热力学作用的数值模式, 并阐述其必要性和可能性。 相似文献
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港口作为海陆运输的节点,是一个城市和国家的重要门户,对推动经济发展和对外贸易有着不可忽视的作用。基于国家提出的"一带一路"建设,评估环渤海港口的发展优势,逐步实现从沿海、沿江开放向内陆延伸具有重要意义。文章选取环渤海港口中的大连、天津、唐山、丹东、营口、锦州、秦皇岛、黄骅、日照、青岛、威海和烟台共12个港口进行发展优势对比。从港口吞吐量、港口规模范围、港口城市及腹地、港口未来发展4个方面构建环渤海港口优势评价体系。并利用熵权-TOPSIS法进行深入的实证分析。结果表明,环渤海港口群港口发展优势水平悬殊,基本可以分为4个档次。基于此,环渤海各港口应合理准确定位,通过错位发展和协同合作等方式谋求共赢。 相似文献
8.
Assessment of reliability in water distribution networks using entropy based measures 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K. Awumah I. Goulter S. K. Bhatt 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1990,4(4):309-320
Entropy based expressions for measurement of reliability and redundancy have recently been reported. These measures approach assessment of the reliability of the distribution network from the intrinsic redundancy of the network layout. The paper extends earlier work on entropy functions by including a more explicit statement of the alternate paths available in the network and by recognizing that under certain circumstances, e.g., failure of some part of the network work, an outflow link from a node under normal working condition may become an inflow link to the same node. The measures are assessed by comparison with parameters measuring Nodal Pair Reliability and percentage of flow supplied at adequate pressure for a range of networks and link failure conditions in this networks. The entropy measures are shown to reflect changes in the network reliability, as measured by these two comparative parameters, very well. 相似文献
9.
A univariate model for long-term streamflow forecasting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. F. Krstanovic V. P. Singh 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1991,5(3):173-188
This paper, the first in a series of two, employs the principle of maximum entropy (POME) via maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) to develop a univariate model for long-term streamflow forecasting. Three cases of streamflow forecasting are investigated: forward forecasting, backward forecasting (or reconstruction) and intermittent forecasting (or filling in missing records). Application of the model is discussed in the second paper. 相似文献
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