Seismic activity at the MCT in Sikkim Himalaya

A microearthquake survey in the Sikkim Himalaya raised a question whether the north–south segment of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in this part of the Himalaya is seismically active(?). Fault-plane solution of a cluster of events occurred below this segment of the MCT shows right-lateral strike-slip motion. The seismic observations and the geological evidences suggest that a NNE–SSW trending strike-slip fault, beneath this segment, caused right lateral movement on the MCT, and is seismically active.     

Seismic velocity-ratio in the crust and uppermost mantle in southeast Wellington province,New Zealand

The regional variation of the seismic velocity-ratio () over a 200 km long traverse has been studied by means of microearthquake surveys. The Wadati-plot method is used with a minimum of four P and S arrivals for each of 49 earthquakes. The area as a whole is found to be characterized by a value of 1.74–1.76 for earthquakes of depth 12–40 km, except in a 50 km long section near Wellington, where is low at 1.60. This low has been attributed to the fault zones in the region. A small change of is observed between the upper crust (5 km) and lower crust (12 km), but there is no change of between the lower crust and uppermost mantle.     

汶川地震科学钻探3号井孔附近微震震源参数确定及其意义

基于微震监测仪器频带及波形记录的时频特征,我们筛选出汶川地震科学钻探3号井孔周围微震台阵2012年记录的218个t_s-t_p1 s的微震.通过盖戈法与和达法相结合确定微震震源的几何参数,发现这些微震分布大体呈NE-SW展布,与龙门山断裂带的走向基本一致.无论是采用《地震台站观测规范》中的量规函数(量规函数GF)还是李学政等(2003)的量规函数(量规函数LXZ),近震震级均与矩震级呈现出较好的线性关系,向震级小的一端延伸时都表现为M_LM_W,但采用李学政等的量规函数时该趋势更加明显.同时采用Brune和Boatwright震源谱衰减模型对观测震源谱的拟合表明拐角频率具有模型依赖性:基于Brune模型拟合得到的拐角频率大于基于Boatwright模型得到的拐角频率.无论基于哪一种模型,矩震级与拐角频率、破裂半径的对数线性关系均较弱,与应力降、视应力的对数则存在较好的线性关系.这些关系不支持应力降、折合能量、视应力为常数的观点,表明微震与大地震的震源物理过程存在差异.视应力与应力降成比例,比例系数小于0.5,表明破裂动力学模式符合SavageWood模式.近震震级与矩震级拟合关系Mw=a+bM_L中b的大小与应力降和地震矩的关系有关,△σ∝M_0~γ,则b=1/(1+γ),因此从b的大小可以粗略地判断应力降与地震矩的关系.本文对应于γ≈1的情况,与基于量规函数LXZ得到的近震震级与矩震级关系中系数b=0.53吻合,这说明仅从辐射能量的角度考虑量规函数LXZ较量规函数GF准确.     

沂沭断裂带重复地震识别及断裂深部活动速率的估算

利用山东及邻区数字地震台网2001- 2012 年的地震观测报告及波形资料分析了沂沭断裂带及周缘地区的地震活动并利用识别出的重复地震估算了断层深部滑动速率。重新定位后的地震图像清晰展示了沂沭断裂带南北两段及东西两侧地震活动的显著差异,在研究时段内,60%以上的地震发生在沂沭带东侧的两条断裂上,震源深度分布与研究区的深部构造吻合。根据波形意义上相似地震(cc≥0.8)的定义,识别出了沂沭断裂带及其周缘相似地震共50例,组成相似地震对和多重相似地震对共19组,相似地震对的复发间隔较为随机,从数小时到数百天不等。通过对相似地震对震源位置- -致性的强约束后,基于1组重复地震估算出安丘-莒县断裂在地表以下5.9km处的滑动速率估计值为2.19mm/a,与GPS和地质等浅表观测的滑动速率值基本一致。     

Microearthquake activity associated with underground coal-mining in Buchanan County,Virginia, U.S.A.

Microearthquake activity (impulsive, transient seismic events, with durations up to several seconds at a distance of 500 m, that exhibit a coda with a shift toward lower frequencies with increasing time) was monitored for a three-month period by a single seismograph sited directly above an undergound longwall mine in the coal-mining region of Buchanan County, Virginia, U.S.A. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if precursory increases in microseismicity prior to cavings (subsidence) of overburden in the mine were present and, if so, could they be detected by surface seismographic observations. The first two recording weeks were prior to the beginning of coal removal operations at the monitored mine. A comparision of the before and after levels of microearthquake occurrence indicated a sevenfold increase to about seven seismic events/hour that was attendant with the development of the time over the level of the background, non-coal-mining period seismicity.A total of over 15,000 microearthquakes were recorded during the monitoring period, most of which occurred during the actual coal-mining operations. The workday rate exceeded 30 seismic events/hour in contrast with the non-workday rate of about seven such events/hour. Rock and coal fracturing ahead of the mine plow are believed to be the primary cause of the majority of these very small seismic events. Cavings and rockbursts (violent eruptions that propel rock debris into the mine) also contributed to the total seismic activity. It appears that cavings, some of which were large enough to be felt on ground surface, are the primary source of the non-plowing related seismicity as larger free surface areas are opened underground. Any seismic activity premonitory to cavings, however, was effectively masked by the high workday rate. Thus, the use of surface seismic monitoring, in an attempt to document any increases of localized seismicity precursory to cavings, failed in this instance.The exact location of the mine and the survey dates are not given in this paper at the request of the mine operator.     

深圳断裂带构造活动性分析

深圳断裂带的活动性关系到深圳发展的前景,从构造地质学、遥感图像、地震学、地貌学和地球动力学的角度出发,论述了深圳及其邻近地区的地质构造背景,阐述了深圳断裂带的构造活动性。通过对断裂带地层剖面和断层物质研究发现,断裂带晚更新世以来没有明显活动迹象;地震活动方面,断裂带所在区域地震活动以微震为主,且震源分布与断裂带产状一致,反映断裂具有一定的活动性;根据地应力监测资料,最大主应力量值小且应力方向北西向,与断裂近乎垂直,不利于断裂活动。综合各方面因素,认为深圳断裂带晚更新世至今活动已经明显减弱;现代微震活动是其构造能量缓慢释放的表现,现今深圳断裂带构造稳定,不会发生较大规模的活动。