Application of stress release models to historical earthquakes from North China

Univariate and multivariate stress release models are fitted to historical earthquake data from North China. It is shown that a better fit is obtained by treating separately the Eastern part of the region, including the North China Plain and Bohai Sea, and the Western part of the region, including the Ordos Plateau and its Eastern boundary. Further improvement is obtained by fitting the large events (M7.6) and smaller events in the Western region by different stress release models. The comparisons are made by computing the likelihoods of the fitted models and discounting the number of parameters used by Akaike's AIC criterion. The models are used to develop long-term risk scenarios for the East and West regions.     

物权法对节约集约利用土地的法理解析——以青岛市崂山区分层出让建设用地使用权为例

土地资源具有稀缺性和不可再生性,土地供给日渐紧张,拓展土地利用空间、将土地利用由平面趋向立体化发展的趋势日渐成熟。青岛市崂山区将建设用地使用权分层出让,不但垂范了法规政策,对区域经济的发展也具有很大的现实意义。     

勘察设计咨询企业的知识产权保护研究

从勘察设计咨询企业的知识产权保护现状、作品范围、产权归属以及知识产权保护与管理等方面,论证了勘察设计咨询企业做好知识产权保护工作的必要性。     

The Tornquist Zone, a north east inclining lithospheric transition at the south western margin of the Baltic Shield: Revealed through a nonlinear teleseismic tomographic inversion

From July 1996 to August 1997 the TOR project operated 130 seismographs in North Germany, Denmark and South Sweden, with the aim of collecting signals from local, regional and teleseismic earthquakes. This data set is particularly interesting since the seismic antenna crosses the most significant geological boundary in Europe, the Tornquist Zone, which in the northern part is the border between the Baltic Shield and the younger European lithosphere. Previous studies have shown significant physical changes in the crust and upper mantle across this transition zone, including two independent teleseismic tomographic studies of the TOR data set. But these two studies disagree on the orientation of the slope of the transition. Both studies used an iterative linearized inversion method. We will in this work Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science 27 July 2005 present an inversion based on Bayesian statistics, where the solution space is examined in order to study a very large number of tomographic solutions and to examine the solution uniqueness and uncertainty. The method is applied to measurements of 3345 relative teleseismic P-phase travel times from 48 teleseismic earthquakes with good azimuthal coverage with respect to the great circle arc of the TOR array. We find the lithospheric transition to be a north east inclination of around 30° to 45° off vertical.     

台湾西南部泥岩土地利用型态与环境劣化趋势之分析

台湾泥岩恶地因其特殊之土壤理化性质及区域微气候的相互恶性循环，衍生生态环境等问题。在以往之35年，裸化面积从1967年的2532hm^2，至2001年11月已扩大为15539hm^2。其表土大量流失、崩塌、河川含砂量激增、植被退化与微气候变异等破坏，更显示泥岩之环境劣化问题。以SPOT卫星影像判识泥岩裸露面积，探讨不同时期之地景变异，并应用地景生态理论量化泥岩地表不同土地利用之空间结构变化，分析地景结构变迁之生态内涵与生态指标意义。因子分析结果其主要变异为多样性因子与形状破碎型因子所影响，而应用马可夫链模式计算出不同时期之土地利用变迁内涵，此结果搭配指标分析可解释泥岩裸露面积与竹林面积皆持续扩大，乃由人为土地利用之活动及植被变迁所引起。     

矿产资源资产与市场优化配置

将土地资产的理论与经验引进矿产资源管理，探讨建立和完善社会主义矿产资源市场经济制造，指出实现矿产资源性资产的市场机制是资源优化配置的一种十分重要的手段。它能够通过各级政府规划或者指导对资源的形势研究，预测其供求、价格和竞争之间的相互作用和影响。推动资源的科学利用与有效保护，合理流动与分配，提高资源利用率，从而促进社会经济的可持续发展。探讨和创建矿产资源性资产与产权管理的新机制，其实质是采矿权人根据国家法律，按统一的技术规定、规程、标准和要求，对其占用的资源储量进行定期或不定期的检测，编制相应的动态报表、年度报告和统计报表。国家根据矿种类型，通过省市县建立不同层次的矿产资源储量数据库进行产权管理。政府的监督管理主要由矿产资源储量登记与统计及核查机制组成。     

Disjunctive Kriging with Hard and Imprecise Data

This paper presents a methodology for assessing local probability distributions by disjunctive kriging when the available data set contains some imprecise measurements, like noisy or soft information or interval constraints. The basic idea consists in replacing the set of imprecise data by a set of pseudohard data simulated from their posterior distribution; an iterative algorithm based on the Gibbs sampler is proposed to achieve such a simulation step. The whole procedure is repeated many times and the final result is the average of the disjunctive kriging estimates computed from each simulated data set. Being data-independent, the kriging weights need to be calculated only once, which enables fast computing. The simulation procedure requires encoding each datum as a pre-posterior distribution and assuming a Markov property to allow the updating of pre-posterior distributions into posterior ones. Although it suffers some imperfections, disjunctive kriging turns out to be a much more flexible approach than conditional expectation, because of the vast class of models that allows its computation, namely isofactorial models.     

宝鸡某场地污染土的分析评价

宝鸡某场地由于长期堆放食盐，造成地基上污染、通过勘察，查明了污染土层，进行了腐蚀性测试和评价，对场地污染区与非污染区土的物理力学性质指标进行了对比，并分析了土的污染机理，提出了防护措施。     

Biodegradability of the Anti-tumour Agents 5-Fluorouracil,Cytarabine, and Gemcitabine: Impact of the Chemical Structure and Synergistic Toxicity with Hospital Effluent

Most anti-tumour agents are known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic or fetotoxic. Only little is known about the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals. Unmetabolized active substances are excreted and will show up in municipal wastewater. Therefore, we examined the biodegradability of the widely used anti-tumour agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), also as an example for assessing the impact of hospital effluent on the biodegradation of a test compound. The biodegradability of the structurally similar anti-tumour agents cytarabine and gemcitabine was also examined. Test systems used were the closed bottle test (OECD 301 D) and the modified Zahn-Wellens test (OECD 302 B). 5-FU was not biodegradable in the closed bottle test (CBT) nor in the Zahn-Wellens test (ZWT). At the highest concentration of 5-FU, with hospital effluent an inhibition of the degradation of substances present in hospital effluent was observed, probably as a result of a synergistic effect by 5-FU with antibiotics present in hospital sewage. Gemcitabine was biodegraded 42% in the CBT. The prolongation of the test period to 40 days only improved the result to 45%. In the ZWT, the biodegradation of gemcitabine was 50%. Cytarabine was partially biodegraded in the CBT (50%), but only after an adaptation period of 20 days. After a test prolongation to 40 days, the degree of biodegradation was 80%. In the ZWT, the biodegradability was > 95% after only a few days.