Natural and man-induced stress evolution of slopes: the Monte Mario hill in Rome

The paper deals with stress-release effects induced by man-made cuts or excavations into natural stiff clay slopes that experienced erosion in response to valley deepening. The study was focused on the Monte Mario hill in Rome (Italy), which formed part of an area of recent urban expansion. The methodology of the study relied on a reference engineering-geology model, which was developed on the basis of site and laboratory data and stress–strain analyses. The latter analyses were carried out with the finite-difference code FLAC 4.0. Numerical modelling was based on a sequential approach, taking into account the main evolutionary stages of the Tiber river valley in Romeȁ9s urban area and then making cuts at the bottom of the slope located south of the Monte Mario Astronomical Observatory. The simulation revealed the stress-release effects that fluvial erosion and excavation fronts have caused on the investigated slopes and their consequent gravitational instabilities. These processes appear with metre-scale displacements, followed by stress-release cracks (actually observed on the slopes under review). In quantifying stress-release deformations, the simulation took into account the possible role of creep in the observed retardation of stress-release effects.Research activities were carried on with the co-operation of Dȁ9Arcangelo A. (Consorzio TREESSE, andrea.darcangelo@libero.it) and Moretti S. (IMG S.r.l. Servizi Tecnici per lȁ9Ingegneria e lȁ9Ambiente, moretti@img-srl.it)     

结合深度学习和图割法的遥感影像建筑物检测

提出一种基于卷积神经网络和图割法的自动提取高分影像建筑物的方法。首先,通过卷积神经网络定位与检测建筑物的位置,逐一提取单个建筑物轮廓,利用检测结果分别建立建筑物和非建筑物的高斯混合模型（GMM）,然后结合最大流最小割的图像分割方式实现全局优化,完成建筑物初步提取,最后用形态学进行优化。通过试验证明了该方法的可行性。     

圆顶视宁度和高美古观测室的考虑

本文给出了人为视宁度的定义和产生的原因,强调防止圆顶视宁度的重要性,简述了国际上的研究结果和经验教训,并结合高美古的实际,提出对高美古2m及1m望远镜观测室建造的方案和指标。     

深圳市人造旅游资源客源市场分析及开发利用研究

介绍深圳市旅游业发展概况,总结出资源开发利用中存在的主题内容过多集聚、技术含量偏低等主要问题,对深圳市一级、二级、三级旅游客源市场分别进行了回归分析,指出了深圳市旅游业发展的主导方向,应以高新科技为依托,加强对“参与性娱乐层面”和“文化性生活层面”旅游吸引物的创意与营造,重点吸引回头客。提出了旅游业可持续发展的若干建议。     

乐都地震台前兆观测干扰分析

对乐都地震台2008年1月~2013年10月各前兆测项所受到的环境、人为、观测技术系统和其他干扰进行了分析,调查、了解各类干扰产生的原因及记录特征,有助于及时采取合理、有效的解决措施,提高资料的使用价值和地震前兆异常的识别能力。     

Experimental abiotic alteration of igneous and manufactured glasses

Pits in ocean basalt glass are often attributed to the activity of microorganisms, however, neither the mechanism of formation of pits in glass nor the involvement of microorganisms have been confirmed by experimentation. Experimental abiotic corrosion of basalt glass with 1% hydrofluoric acid (HF), a proxy for more slowly acting organic acids, produces pits that are similar in size, shape, and distribution to pits found in basalt glass collected from the ocean floor and basalt glass incubated with microorganisms. This pit formation by HF etching was demonstrated by comparing secondary electron images taken before and after the acid treatment. The formation of pits by abiotic corrosion of basalt glass is an alternate hypothesis for the origin of these features, and the interpretation of these features as biomarkers may require a resolution of these alternative hypotheses.     

Influence of the ground profile on the reduction of earthquake motion at the filled man-made islands in the Kobe harbor during the 1995 Hyogoken Nambu earthquake

During the 1995 Hyogoken Nambu earthquake in Kobe, the ground motion at the filled man-made islands in the Kobe harbor was not as severe as that at the mainland. The building damage was also less compared to that on the mainland. It was found by comparative study of earthquake records that the magnitude of acceleration response on the ground surface decreases at the islands as opposed to the mainland. One dimensional effective stress analysis is adopted in this study. Input data has been generated from test results, e.g. the SPT N-value by standard penetration test and shear wave velocity V_s by PS logging. Results obtained by the analyses showed good agreement with the observed records, which is an indication of the suitability of the adopted analysis procedure. From this study, the followings are concluded. By the increase of SPT N-value of the filled layers, liquefaction near ground surface is restrained and damage modes such as ejection of water and soil can be prevented. Since the ground profile at the islands is that considerably soft filled layer and marine clay layers, etc. are present and the thickness of the surface layer is large, the initial natural period of the ground is above 1 s and the natural period is elongated further under the earthquake excitation, which is deemed to be the principal reason for the reduction of the earthquake motion at the ground surface.     

Ground vibrations from sheetpile driving in urban environment: measurements, analysis and effects on buildings and occupants

Following a comprehensive review of the subject of man-made ground vibrations, measurements of ground vibration caused by vibratory sheetpile driving in recent soil deposits are reported in terms of particle velocities vs. distance from the source of vibration. The measurements were conducted on paved surfaces and sidewalks in the inner urban environment. Reconstructed particle displacement paths indicated, predominantly, vertical vibrations of the Rayleigh type. The attenuation rate of vibrations with distance was compared to published results of other studies and satisfactory agreement was found to exist. Values of particle velocity measured in this study, however, were lower than corresponding values of other studies under comparable values of rated vibratory kinetic energy. This is possibly due to different soil conditions. Average and upper bound linear log–log attenuation relationships are proposed, which fit the results of measurements and are representative of the conditions likely to be encountered in the urban environment. Measurement of vibrations on higher floors of multistory reinforced concrete buildings indicated a significant amplification of vertical vibration and an average curve for amplification magnitude vs. floor level was fitted to the results of measurements. A comparison of measured values of vibration with the observed performance of buildings and with damage threshold values suggested by existing codes and standards indicated that the latter do not provide safety against damage caused by vibratory densification of loose sandy soils. On the other hand, the existing criteria for human exposure to vibrations in buildings, according to the results of this study, seem to adequately define the degrees of human discomfort.     

利用苦卤不生产制备海水素

利用制盐工业中剩余废液——苦卤水为原料 ,根据多元相图和盐在海水型体系中的溶解度关系 ,利用苦卤中的物质 ,在苦卤水浓缩产物中添加不同原料 ,研究制备低成本高质量海水素     

Stability of man-made slopes

The paper discusses three examples of man-made slopes that are affected by the specific geotechnical conditions of their respective settings. Recognizing and respecting the imposed geotechnical boundary conditions in the design and construction stages is shown to be vital for the long-term stability of these slopes. These conditions imposed by nature are often only marginally investigated during the pre-investment stages of projects that include the excavation or construction of slopes. As a result, the safety and economical viability of man-made slopes may not be guaranteed for their entire expected engineering lifetime.