Ca-rich Garnet-Clinopyroxene Rocks at Hujialin in the Su-Lu Terrane (Eastern China): Deeply Subducted Arc Cumulates?

Layers of Ca-rich garnet–clinopyroxene rocks enclosedin a serpentinite body at Hujialin, in the Su–Lu terraneof eastern China, preserve igneous textures, relict spinel ingarnet, and exsolution lamellae of Ca-rich garnet, ilmenite/magnetite,Fe-rich spinel, and also amphibole in clinopyroxene. In termsof their major and trace element compositions, the studied samplesform a trend from arc cumulates towards Fe–Ti gabbros.Reconstructed augite compositions plot on the trend for clinopyroxenein arc cumulates. These data suggest that the rocks crystallizedfrom mantle-derived magmas differentiated to various extentsbeneath an arc. The Ca-rich garnet + diopside assemblage isinferred to have formed by compressing Ca-rich augite, whereasthe relatively Mg-rich cores of garnet porphyroblasts may haveformed at the expense of spinel. The protolith cumulates weresubducted from near the crust–mantle boundary (c. 1 GPa)deep into the upper mantle (4·8 ± 0·6 GPaand 750 ± 50°C). Negatively sloped P–T pathsfor the garnet–clinopyroxene rocks and the corollary ofcorner flow induced subduction of mantle wedge peridotite arenot supported by the available data. Cooling with, or without,decompression of the cumulates after the igneous stage probablyoccurred prior to deep subduction. KEY WORDS: arc cumulates; Ca-rich garnet; garnet–clinopyroxene rocks; Su–Lu terrane; UHP metamorphism     

矿产开发与环境保护

通过国内多个矿区实例，较系统地叙述了矿产资源开发导致的生态环境破坏和污染状况。表明矿产开发中对环境污染的途径包括河流、土壤、等。最后简要介绍了国内、国外几种对采矿污染比较有效的防治措施。     

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩浆演化过程:矿物学、Sr-Nd同位素特征的指示

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,属于土墩-黄山-图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。本文在前人研究的基础上,从橄榄石、辉石矿物学组成和全岩Sr、Nd同位素等方面对黄山南岩体进行了分析研究,并与黄山、黄山东、香山等典型含矿岩体作了对比,旨在进一步查明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区和母岩浆性质及其岩浆演化过程。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明黄山南岩体来自一个弱亏损的地幔源区,相较黄山、黄山东、香山等岩体的源区具有更加富集的特征。黄山南岩体中的橄榄石属于贵橄榄石,斜方辉石主要为古铜辉石,少数为紫苏辉石,单斜辉石主要为顽透辉石、普通辉石和少数的透辉石。单斜辉石和橄榄石的成分特征表明形成黄山南岩体的母岩浆为演化程度较低的拉斑玄武质岩浆,且母岩浆成分具有高Mg、高Ni的特点。计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Fe O~T=13.20%、MgO=16.96%、Ni=377.2×10~(-6),且母岩浆在结晶分异过程中没有经历充分的硫化物熔离作用,这也是造成母岩浆中Ni含量较高以及岩体含矿性较差的主要因素。     

东天山云海铜镍矿地球化学特征及成因分析

云海铜镍矿位于觉罗塔格构造带西段,成矿岩体为多期次侵入的杂岩体,岩体分异演化充分,镁铁质和超镁铁质岩石均有发育,主要岩石类型为角闪辉石岩、橄榄苏长岩、辉长岩、闪长岩。主量元素化学组成表明,该杂岩体属拉斑玄武岩系列,岩石具同源演化特征,显示高铁、高镁、低钛、低铝特征,富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,亏损Nb,Ta,轻稀土富集。岩浆源区有部分熔融而交代的岩石圈地幔,岩浆在上升过程中受到地壳物质混染,发生橄榄石、斜方辉石、斜长石的分离结晶。岩体形成于早二叠世,为构造活动和地幔柱双重作用下的产物。     

Geochronological Significance of the Post-Orogenic Mafic- Ultramafic Rocks in the Hongqiling Area of Jilin Province, Northeast China

INTRODUCTIONThe mafic-ultramafic complexesinthe Hongqilingarea were emplacedintothe metamorphic rocksof the Hulan Group. Age determination of the intrusion and metamorphism of the Hulan Groupmetamorphic rocks is crucial for the study of petrogenesis and evolution, orogenesis and itsdevelopment of the region. However ,so far it has been difficult to determine the geochronology ofmafic-ultramafic rocks inthe area ,thusthe age obtainedfromprevious data hadto be used.Inrecentyears ,withthe …     

Flat rare earth element patterns as an indicator of cumulate processes in the Lesser Qinling carbonatites, China

The Lesser Qinling carbonatite dykes are mainly composed of calcites. They are characterized by unusually high heavy rare earth element concentrations (HREE; e.g. Yb > 30 ppm) and flat to weakly light rare earth element (LREE) enriched chondrite-normalized patterns (La/Yb_n = 1.0–5.5), which is in marked contrast with all other published carbonatite data. The trace element contents of calcite crystals were measured in situ by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Some crystals show reduced LREE from core to rim, whereas their HREE compositions are relatively constant. The total REE contents and chondrite-normalized REE patterns from the cores of carbonate crystals are similar to those of the whole rock. The carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of calcites fall within the range of primary, mantle-derived carbonatites. The initial Sr isotopic compositions (0.70480–0.70557) of calcites are consistent with an EM1 source or mixing between HIMU and EM1 mantle sources. However these sources cannot produce carbonatite parental magmas with a flat or slightly LREE enrichment pattern by low degrees of partial melting. Analyses of carbonates from other carbonatites show that carbonates have nearly flat REE pattern if they crystallize from a LREE enriched carbonatite melt. This implies that when carbonates crystallize from a carbonatite melt the calcite/melt partition coefficients (D) for HREE are much greater than the D for the LREE. The nearly flat REE patterns of the Lesser Qinling carbonatites can be explained if they are carbonate cumulates that contain little trapped carbonatite melt. Strong enrichment of HREE in the carbonatites may require their derivation by small degrees of melting from a garnet-poor source.     

藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡地区堆晶岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

在藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡地区发现蛇绿混杂岩,岩石单元包括堆晶辉长岩、辉长岩岩墙、玄武岩等。通过对该蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩的地球化学研究发现,它们属于E-MORB型,与桃形湖和果干加年山地区的蛇绿岩比较相似。堆晶辉长岩(R12T11)中用于LA-ICP-MS定年的锆石具有明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常,属于典型的岩浆成因锆石;12个测试点的年龄加权平均值为442.7Ma±3.4Ma,表明日湾茶卡蛇绿岩形成于早志留世。日湾茶卡蛇绿岩是龙木错—双湖—澜沧江缝合带内一处新的早古生代洋壳残片,将为进一步揭示龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋的构造演化提供新依据。     

东疆二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁岩体中辉石的成分特征及其对成岩和Ni-Cu成矿的指示

新疆东部早二叠世镁铁-超镁铁岩体主要分布在天山东段觉罗塔格构造带、中天山地块和北山地区,与这类岩体相关的Ni-Cu矿床主要产出在觉罗塔格带和中天山地区,北山目前并未发现典型Ni-Cu矿床。这些岩体中的斜方辉石主要为古铜辉石,少量为紫苏辉石;单斜辉石属透辉石、次透辉石或普通辉石。矿物成分系统变化显示橄榄石Fo值北山最高、觉罗塔格带到中天山逐次降低的特点,橄榄石Fo值在78~86和Ni含量低于1800×10-6范围内更有利于Cu-Ni成矿;斜方辉石En端元和单斜辉石Wo端元极差值也显示北山最高、觉罗塔格带和中天山较低的规律,且相对小的极差值更有利于成矿。单斜辉石AlⅣ/AlⅥ比值结果显示北山岩体在矿物结晶过程中压力较低,硫溶解度较大,可能是其矿化程度弱于觉罗塔格带和中天山的一个重要因素。觉罗塔格带、中天山和北山镁铁-超镁铁质岩体的母岩浆为非碱性系列、大陆拉斑玄武质岩浆。根据北山和觉罗塔格带岩体单斜辉石微量元素成分估算的母岩浆具有LREE富集以及Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf负异常的特征,指示出两者源区为受俯冲板片交代的地幔,且坡北源区俯冲交代程度更低。觉罗塔格带和中天山单斜辉石Alz vs.Ti显示裂谷堆晶趋势向弧堆晶趋势演化,而北山单斜辉石Alz vs.Ti则显示明显的裂谷堆晶趋势,这说明俯冲交代作用在觉罗塔格带和中天山地区表现的更为强烈。北山镁铁-超镁铁岩体中发现单斜辉石Ti的高异常及矿物温压计算结果显示,表明北山地区具有比觉罗塔格带和中天山更高的岩浆温度,这可能与塔里木二叠纪地幔柱的活动有关。     

吉林红旗岭1号和7号岩体中含矿超镁铁质岩的矿物化学特征:对岩浆演化过程以及铜镍硫化物矿床形成机制的约束

本文对吉林红旗岭1号和7号岩体中含矿超镁铁质岩的主要造岩矿物进行了详细研究。两岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、单斜辉石、斜长石、角闪石和金云母。岩浆的暗色矿物结晶顺序为:橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→角闪石→黑云母,与镜下实际观察一致,是岩浆在不同深度结晶的产物。原始岩浆来自上地幔,两岩体进入高位岩浆房中的熔体的MgO含量分别13.98%和14.22%、Mg#值分别为72.22和71.05,为含水的高镁的苦橄质玄武岩浆。深部岩浆房深度距地表约26～27km,岩浆房内的结晶温度介于1280～1379℃之间,即结晶于下地壳中。岩浆由深部上升到高位(浅部)岩浆房中的过程是近绝热的,也是快速完成的。岩浆可能经历了两次岩浆房的演化过程,岩浆在上升到高位岩浆房之前,在深部曾经历了较短时间的橄榄石和少量辉石的分离结晶作用;但在高位岩浆房中混染了地壳物质,与此同时,还经历了同源岩浆混合作用以及岩浆过冷却作用,这些都有利于岩浆体系中成矿元素含量增高以及硫达到饱和状态,使金属硫化物熔离并晶出,从而使岩体发生铜镍矿化作用。     

Large-scale Mechanical Redistribution of Orthopyroxene and Plagioclase in the Basement Sill, Ferrar Dolerites, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: Petrological, Mineral-chemical and Field Evidence for Channelized Movement of Crystals and Melt

The Jurassic Ferrar dolerite sills of the McMurdo Dry Valleys,Antarctica represent the plumbing system for flood basalt eruptionsassociated with the breakup of Gondwana. Among the Ferrar sills,the 350–450 m thick cumulate-textured Basement Sill isdifferentiated into a Lower Marginal Zone (LMZ) gabbronorite,a thick Lower Zone (LZ) orthopyroxene–plagioclase orthocumulatepyroxenite, a strongly layered mela- to leuco-gabbronorite MiddleZone (MZ), a thick Upper Zone (UZ) gabbronorite with ferrogabbroicpods, and an Upper Marginal Zone (UMZ) gabbronorite. Texturesand mineral compositions in the LZ pyroxenite and MZ–UZgabbronorites are nearly identical, the main distinction beingthe greater relative proportion of plagioclase in the MZ–UZgabbronorites, and of pigeonite in the UZ. Most orthopyroxenein the LZ, MZ and UZ occurs as sub-euhedral, normally zonedprimocrysts, commonly with rounded plagioclase inclusions. Plagioclaseis usually sub-euhedral and normally zoned, but can containsodic cores interpreted to be xenocrystic. Orthopyroxene andfeldspar compositions thoughout the sill are generally fairlyuniform, and resemble the compositions of micro-phenocrystsin the chilled margins. We infer that the sill was filled bya c. 1250°C slurry of orthopyroxene + plagioclase phenocrystsor primocrysts that subsequently unmixed in response to buoyancyforces. The LZ websterite contains numerous anorthosite to gabbronoriteschlieren, veins and pipes (< 2 m diameter), which we interpretas fossil segregation channels. Textures and mineral compositionsin these felsic channels are very similar both to UZ and MZgabbronorites, and to the groundmass separating accumulatedorthopyroxene primocrysts in the LZ and MZ. We infer that plagioclase-charged,hydrous pore melt from the pyroxenite may have segregated, pooledand ascended through these conduits to feed growth of the UZgabbronorite. Detailed mapping shows that the pipes are separatedby about 15 m on average. Calculations suggest that this numberdensity of conduits could have drained the LZ cumulates of theirinterstitial melt + plagioclase in about 8 days. Sequences (eachc. 5–10 m thick) of layered leuco-gabbronorite in theMZ could represent intra-cumulate sills that formed from plagioclase-richslurries ascending in segregation channels. Fe–Ti-richpyroxenitic veins and pods (some pegmatitic) and an unusualcoarse-grained plagioclase facies occur at the contacts betweenmassive leuco-gabbronorite layers in the MZ. Discordant ferro-pegmatitepods and dykes occur throughout the UZ. We interpret these Fe-richpegmatoidal rocks as evolved residual melts expelled from thecompacting gabbronoritic cumulates of the MZ and UZ. KEY WORDS: Ferrar; cumulates; differentiation; Antarctica; layering