Diel patterns of mysid drift (Crustacea: Mysidacea) in the Taieri River estuary,New Zealand

Drifting mysids were sampled to determine diel activity, and whether mysid numbers vary with respect to inflowing and outflowing tides. Samples of drifting mysids were collected at the mouth of the Taieri River, New Zealand, over one 24‐h cycle using five replicate conical drift nets in January 1999. One‐night and 1‐day ebb and flood tide were each sampled. Four species of mysid Tenagomysis macropsis, T. novae‐zealandiae, T. robusta, and an apparently undescribed species of Gastrosaccus sp., were collected over the sampling period. One species, T. robusta, has not previously been collected from estuarine or riverine systems. The undescribed Gastrosaccus sp. was the most abundant of the four species. All four species were more abundant at night, with T. robusta and Gastrosaccus sp. being considerably more abundant in the drift on outflowing tides. In contrast, roughly equal numbers of T. macropsis and T. novae‐zealandiae were observed drifting in and out of the estuary at night.     

膨胀蔷薇珊瑚与壮实鹿角珊瑚的胚胎和幼虫发育

造礁石珊瑚的有性繁殖是修复珊瑚礁生态系统的有效途径之一.文章为国内首次报道造礁石珊瑚有性繁殖和幼体发育过程,为利用有性繁殖技术恢复珊瑚礁生态系统提供了发育生物学上的理论基础.海南省三亚市鹿回头海域的大部分珊瑚在2009年3月底至4月中发生有性繁殖行为.2009年4月11日晚采集膨胀蔷薇珊瑚Montipora turgescens和壮实鹿角珊瑚Acropora robusta自然排放的受精卵,研究其胚胎及幼虫发育的过程.通过连续观察和显微拍摄记录了2种珊瑚的受精卵发育过程,结果显示,受精卵经过分裂变为桑葚胚;桑葚胚经过进一步发育变形为虾片状,进而发育成盘状幼体;盘状幼体由四周向内弯曲形成碗状的结构,进而出现原肠胚及纤毛,发育成为椭圆型或圆形的浮浪幼虫;浮浪幼虫发生附着变态,长出触手,发育成珊瑚幼体.通过观察还发现,膨胀蔷薇珊瑚的卵母细胞中本身就含有黄褐色虫黄藻,壮实鹿角珊瑚的卵母细胞中没有虫黄藻,其共生的虫黄藻足在发育过程中从周围环境获得的.     

海水升温对壮实鹿角珊瑚幼虫存活和附着的影响

研究海水升温对石珊瑚幼虫存活及附着的影响有助于理解和预测海洋暖化背景下幼虫的扩散和种群补充动态.探究了海水升温(+3℃)对壮实鹿角珊瑚(Acropora robusta)幼虫存活和附着的影响.两个温度下孵育7d后幼虫的存活率均大于90%,升温对珊瑚幼虫的存活并无明显的影响;在孔水石藻(Hydrolithon onkodes)诱导下,3℃的升温使珊瑚幼虫的附着率提高了75%,同时升温改变了珊瑚幼虫的附着选择:30℃下孵育7d的幼虫中附着在塑料六孔板表面的比例是27℃条件下孵育的幼虫的13倍,然而二者中附着于珊瑚藻表面和侧面骨骼的幼虫比例相近.研究表明环境温度3℃以上7d的升温处理并不影响壮实鹿角珊瑚幼虫的存活,但会促进幼虫的附着进而缩短幼虫的浮游期,升温会限制珊瑚幼虫的扩散并对排卵型珊瑚种群间的遗传连通性产生潜在影响.     

Fossils of Macaca mulatta from Tianyuan Cave,with Notes on Some Previously Unpublished Specimens of Macaca from Zhoukoudian Area

The recently discovered macaque fossils, including isolated teeth and mandible fragments, from Tianyuan Cave and the juvenile maxilla from Wanglaopu Cave near Zhoukoudian can be identified as Macaca mulatta; they represent the first recognized occurrence of fossil M. mulatta in the far north of China. Some previously unearthed but still unpublished Macaca specimens were also studied, including a cranium and the associated mandible from CKT Loc.13A, a maxilla and a mandible from Loc.1, a mandible from Loc.4, and a maxilla from Loc.20, as well as a mandible with complete toothrow from Zhoukoudian but without locality details, all of them can be referred to M. robusta. The study shows M. robusta is more closely related to M. mulatta than to M. anderssonL Zhoukoudian is the richest area of Macacina fossils in North China, totally 2 genera and 4 species were once recognized from 9 localities, namely, Procynocephalus wimani, M. cf. anderssoni, M. robusta and M. mulatta. The fossil records of Macacina in Zhoukoudian area were almost continuous through the Quaternary Period, and it＇s reasonable to assume that Zhoukoudian used to be an evolutionary center for macaques in North China. Therefore, the macaque population of M. mulatta once existed decades ago around Beijing probably originated from the Pleistocene ancestors in the local area, rather than being human-introduced as previously thought.