Impact of Changes in Redox Conditions on Leaching of Some Elements from MSW Fly Ash

Abstract. Oxidation and reduction processes can influence extent of leaching of elements from solid waste. Three samples of municipal solid waste combustion fly ash were subjected to oxidizing and reducing conditions in order to evaluate leaching of elements in the Milli-Q water and fly ash (liquid to solid ratio, 100) mixtures. Although the oxidizing and reducing conditions were applied for 6 hours only, elements like Cs, Li, Mg, Sb, Tl and V leached more under oxidizing condition than under reducing condition in the case of all three ash samples. Cadmium, Pb and Zn leached more from all samples under reducing condition than under oxidizing condition. Leaching of other elements like Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni and Rb was inconsistent with oxidizing or reducing conditions and varied from sample to sample, suggesting that factors other than redox may be more important in controlling leaching of these elements. Strong acid neutralization capacity of the fly ash samples let the pH vary within a narrow range, and thus severely limited the extent of leaching during the course of the experiment. Lead and Zn were the most sensitive while K and Na were the least sensitive to changes in redox conditions.     

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场沉降变形分析

城市生活垃圾填埋场地基沉降和垃圾堆体沉降受到的影响因素多,现行规范的计算方法直接采用与实际相差较大,为减少不均匀沉降对垃圾防渗层的影响、准确确定垃圾储量和保证垃圾堆体的稳定,开展垃圾填埋场沉降研究具有重要意义。垃圾填埋场沉降变形包括地基沉降和垃圾堆体沉降,垃圾堆体沉降又分为主沉降和次沉降,主沉降完成时间短于次沉降。通过对陕西省宝鸡市垃圾填埋场地基土进行沉降计算,最大沉降差超过100 mm,对垃圾防渗层不利影响较大;而对垃圾堆体沉降计算,修正后的计算值与沉降观测值非常接近。考虑不同地区地层差异和垃圾成分差异,积累沉降观测资料具有重要意义。     

利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究

利用峰值频率移动法估算零偏VSP资料的品质因子Q．该方法用Ricker子波和匹配地震子波分别逼近零相位和混合相位的震源子波,得到了峰值频率移动法估计Q值的公式．进而针对常规方法估计的地震子波峰值频率精度不高的问题,提出了估计地震子波峰值频率的特征结构法．通过合成零偏VSP资料的仿真试验,验证了峰值频率移动法估计Q值的正确性．仿真结果表明,与快速Fourier变换和Burg最大熵方法相比较,特征结构法得到的峰值频率和Q值精度高一些．仿真结果也表明,用峰值频率移动法估计Q值时需要选取恰当的子波参数,否则影响Q值估计的精度．     

Design of drainage blankets for leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills using two-phase flow modeling

Drainage blankets (DB) are used for leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills and consist of highly permeable material placed over a large area of the landfill with the leachate injection pipe embedded in the material at specified locations. DBs are generally installed at different depth levels during the waste filling operations. Very limited information is reported on performance of DBs, and that which exists is based on a small number of field monitoring and modeling studies. A rational method for the design of landfills using DBs has not been developed. This study performs a parametric analysis based on a validated two-phase flow model and presents design charts to guide the design of DBs for given hydraulic properties of MSW, the leachate injection rate and the dimensions and locations of the DB as measured from the leachate collection and recirculation system (LCRS) located at the bottom of the landfill cell. Numerical simulations were performed for the two established MSW conditions: homogeneous–isotropic and heterogeneous–anisotropic waste. The optimal levels of leachate saturation, wetted width, wetted area and developed pore water and pore gas pressures were determined, and design charts using the normalized parameters were developed. An example is presented on the use of design charts for typical field application.     

Ground magnetic survey of a municipal solid waste landfill: pilot study in Argentina

This paper shows the results of a ground magnetic survey carried out to study solid waste landfills. The area located southward of Gualeguaychú town was chosen as a pilot case. This zone was selected considering the available knowledge about the cessation of operations, and the interest of the local authorities in verifying the existence of anomalies indicative of possible dangerous pollutants. The total magnetic field was measured along six profiles, and the corresponding anomalies were calculated. The profiles were modelled in 2.5 D, and along them Eulers deconvolution was used to estimate the depth to the sources. The first and the second derivatives of the residual magnetic field were calculated, in order to sharpen the anomalies. Our interpretation suggests that the characteristics of the modelled bodies and the magnitudes of the detected anomalies do not indicate the presence of drums in the sanitary infill.     

单一裂隙优势渗流对黏土层防渗性能的影响分析

垃圾填埋体不均匀沉降等容易引起压实黏土防渗层开裂,显著降低其防渗性能。将裂隙作为高渗透性的多孔介质材料,建立了含单一裂隙压实黏土层的饱和/非饱和渗流模型,数值研究了含裂隙黏土层中的优势渗流过程,对比分析了裂隙位置、深度、宽度和渗透系数对压实黏土层水分击穿时间和稳定渗漏量的影响。结果表明,含裂隙压实黏土层的渗流过程可分为3个阶段：初始阶段、击穿阶段和稳定阶段;底部裂隙对压实黏土层防渗性能的影响较小,而顶部裂隙和贯通裂隙的影响较大;水分击穿时间随裂隙深度增大而迅速缩短,为保证黏土层防渗性能,宜将裂隙深度控制在0.1倍土层厚度以内;水分击穿时间和稳定渗漏量随裂隙宽度、渗透系数的增大而分别缩短和增加,且当其达到一定值后逐渐趋于稳定;裂隙贯通后将显著降低压实黏土层的防渗性能,其稳定渗漏量随裂隙宽度和渗透系数的增大而呈线性增长。     

南方地区城市生活垃圾导热系数的试验研究

温度场对垃圾填埋场的衬垫系统、气体运移和垃圾土工程特性等存在显著影响,导热系数是研究填埋场内温度场的重要参数。以台州卢岙里垃圾填埋场为研究对象,采用DRCD-3030型智能化导热系数测定仪,测定了不同孔隙率和含水率条件下的垃圾导热系数。试验中,垃圾试样的含水率分别取0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%和50%;垃圾的孔隙率分别取77.8%、75.0%、71.4%和66.7%。试验结果表明：干垃圾导热系数较小,仅为标准状态空气导热系数的2.5～3.5倍,并随孔隙率的增大而减小;非饱和垃圾的导热系数随含水率的增加而增大,当含水率相等时,孔隙率越小,垃圾的导热系数越大。根据垃圾导热系数的实测数据,利用修正几何加权平均模型和线性拟合技术,建立了垃圾导热系数的计算公式,可以为垃圾填埋场温度场的研究提供重要参考。     

生活垃圾填埋过程中的沉降分析与计算

结合生活垃圾PTH蠕变方程式中的相关参数,依据重庆市长生桥垃圾卫生填埋场的填埋工艺和填埋方案,得出填埋历程与填埋高度的关系曲线。通过与土压缩理论计算方法相比较发现,土压缩理论中参数选取主要以经验为主,假设条件也与实际情况不符,而PTH蠕变模型中各参数均可由室内压缩蠕变试验得出,依据充分。计算表明,重庆市长生桥垃圾卫生填埋场在填埋过程中产生的沉降达25.72%,在容量估算中如果忽略这一数据则会对填埋场的经济性分析产生一定影响。     

探地雷达应用于城市固体废弃物填埋场的构想

介绍了探地雷达技术的基本工作原理及其在某些领域的应用效果,提出了应用探地雷达技术进行城市固体废弃物填埋场选址、渗漏检测以及封场后覆盖层厚度测定等研究的构想,并探讨了探地雷达技术的可行性和技术优势。在总结相关文献的基础上,结合现场调查认为,应用探地雷达技术进行填埋场选址、渗漏检测以及封场后覆盖层厚度测定等研究工作是行之有效的一种新方法。