湖南省煤的热谱特征及其研究意义

煤的热谱(DTA、DSC、TG)特征与煤的其他物化特征参数一样,是煤大分子结构特征的反映,可作为研究煤化作用的参考和无烟煤分类的辅助标志。本文介绍了湖南省不同变质程度煤的热谱特征和试验所发现的热谱曲线、峰温与煤及瓦斯突出强度、无烟煤三小类的关系,并试验证明利用热分析曲线进行煤层对比的可能性。     

Chemical structures of coal lithotypes before and after CO2 adsorption as investigated by advanced solid-state C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Four lithotypes (vitrain, bright clarain, clarain, and fusain) of a high volatile bituminous Springfield Coal from the Illinois Basin were characterized using advanced solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR techniques included quantitative direct polarization/magic angle spinning (DP/MAS), cross polarization/total sideband suppression (CP/TOSS), dipolar dephasing, CH_n selection, and recoupled C-H long-range dipolar dephasing techniques. The lithotypes that experienced high-pressure CO₂ adsorption isotherm analysis were also analyzed to determine possible changes in coal structure as a result of CO₂ saturation at high pressure and subsequent evacuation. The main carbon functionalities present in original vitrain, bright clarain, clarain and fusain were aromatic carbons (65.9%-86.1%), nonpolar alkyl groups (9.0%-28.9%), and aromatic C-O carbons (4.1%-9.5%). Among these lithotypes, aromaticity increased in the order of clarain, bright clarain, vitrain, and fusain, whereas the fraction of alkyl carbons decreased in the same order. Fusain was distinct from other three lithotypes in respect to its highest aromatic composition (86.1%) and remarkably small fraction of alkyl carbons (11.0%). The aromatic cluster size in fusain was larger than that in bright clarain. The lithotypes studied responded differently to high pressure CO₂ saturation. After exposure to high pressure CO₂, vitrain and fusain showed a decrease in aromaticity but an increase in the fraction of alkyl carbons, whereas bright clarain and clarain displayed an increase in aromaticity but a decrease in the fraction of alkyl carbons. Aromatic fused-rings were larger for bright clarain but smaller for fusain in the post-CO₂ adsorption samples compared to the original lithotypes. These observations suggested chemical CO₂-coal interactions at high pressure and the selectivity of lithotypes in response to CO₂ adsorption.     

东胜煤田延安组成煤模式与煤质特征

总结了东胜煤田延安组煤的两种主要成煤模式,结合煤质分析数据,探讨成煤环境条件对煤质的控制作用。研究结果显示,河流成煤模式的煤层,煤岩类型以暗淡型为主,煤中富丝质组,煤层中矿物质含量较高,灰分含量多大于10%,煤类以不粘煤为主。湖泊三角洲成煤模式的煤层,煤岩类型以光亮煤和半亮煤为主,煤中富镜质组,煤层中矿物质含量低,灰分含量少于10%,煤类以长焰煤为主。经对比两种成煤模式煤的工艺性质,认为富丝质组煤利于气化、动力燃烧、制吸附剂,富镜质组煤则首选液化和配焦。