透镜体油气成藏机理研究现状与发展趋势

随着石油勘探研究的不断深入,砂岩透镜体油藏日益受到重视。国内外学者提出了多种成藏机制,包括未知重力运动机制作用下,少数流体分子的个别特性控制透镜状砂岩油藏聚集;毛细管力作用下油气替换透镜体中的孔隙水;烃浓度差是油气向砂体运移的主要动力;流体压力差使油气首先沿着裂隙向砂岩透镜体中运移、聚集而成藏;差异突破作用使砂岩透镜体成藏等。成藏动力学、成藏模式及主控因素、定量研究、物理模拟实验、数值模拟及分布预测等将是今后发展的方向。     

Successive formation of planetary lenses in an intermediate layer

Abstract

We study the formation of lenses of the ocean's intermediate water using a 2.5-layerβ-plane primitive equation model with localized injection of water mass. For the injecting rate of 1.0 Sv, we have observed that strong vortices are shed regularly. These vortices propagate westward much faster than the second baroclinic long Rossby wave. They are totally isolated from each other and show strong baroclinicity as well. Moreover, they remain stable over a sufficiently long period of time. Regular formation of such strong vortices in the intermediate layer has not been reported previously. The translation speed is explained using the Euler's momentum integral theorem for the nonlinear baroclinic vortex on the β-plane. We have demonstrated that coupling between the primary motion in the intermediate layer and the secondary motion in the upper layer with a meridional shift is crucial to the fast westward translation of the intense vortices. A simple dispersion formula relating the zonal translation speed with the vortex radius is also derived under the assumption of quasi-geostrophy. It has turned out that the analytical relation explains the numerical results surprisingly well despite the limitation of its derivation.     

断层破碎带中的透镜体及透镜体力学效应初步研究

断层破碎带中的透镜体及透镜体力学效应研究在文献中不多见。但是许多断层尤其是扭性断层中的透镜体非常发育,这些透镜体往往控制断层破碎带的强度大小和变形破坏机理,是工程岩体中必须重视的工程地质力学问题。作者经研究认为:(1)透镜体类型多种;(2)透镜体周边一般具断层泥线或泥膜分布;(3)透镜体内具有节理裂隙系统;(4)透镜体周边可以当作结构面或软弱结构面看待;(5)透镜体本身可以作为一个复合结构体看待。在原位力学试验中也揭示了断层泥透镜体在原位剪切试验和单轴压缩试验中的若干力学行为,其表现是:(1)透镜体周边具有结构面力学效应;(2)断层泥透镜体控制着强度大小、变形破坏机理。     

云南东川地区含金剪切带型金矿

云南东川地区含金剪切带型金矿，1995年11月由云南八0七队从蒋家湾开始发现首个金矿段，继而向北勘查扩大到七角地和新山矿段。随着勘查的深入及大比例尺地质图填制，证实该金矿处在剪切破碎带中，并具大型以上规模前景。特别是新山矿段中砂糖状石英脉的发现，和矿体顶板接触带构造透镜体、糜棱岩的存在，含金韧性剪切带型金矿的特征渐趋明朗。云南昆阳群中多处发现含金石英脉，从拖布卡金矿的事实，促使我们重新考虑其中是否亦有剪切带型金矿类型。观念的转变，有可能促进昆阳群找金的突破。     

Refractive optical systems for astronomical instruments using infrared arrays in the 0.8 to 2.5 micron bands

As modern infrared arrays evolve towards larger formats and smaller pixel sizes, their use in instruments requires optics of increasingly higher performance. Refractive systems are attractive for many applications because they can accommodate wide fields of view or fast focal ratios while permitting a compact, unobscured layout. We examine design considerations for lenses which can address the entire near-infrared spectral region of 0.8 to 2.5 m. Achromatization over this broad range is a particular challenge. We discuss a systematic study of candidate materials and combinations of materials having useful chromatic properties, with particular emphasis on alkaline earth halides and metallic oxides. We present an example of a practical design being incorporated into an instrument currently under construction.     

大比例尺三维地质建模方法研究

当前地下空间大比例尺建模难度较大,少有案例提及。主要难点在于严格按照原始地层开展大比例尺建模,会出现大量的透镜体和螺旋体,给建模工作带来较大难度。6号线地面沉降易发区的试验段研究,共涉及7个站点和6个区间的模型。通过收集整理多方位资料,以横向1:500,纵向1:200比例尺进行大比例建模。选用钻孔537个,剖面299条,格子252个,建模面积为0.6km~2。按照规范对筛选出的钻孔归纳岩性、统一命名,将岩层分为7大类,40层。应用交互拼接建模的方法,将模型分为地质体、地表建筑物两个部分,加入DEM、卫星贴图耦合显示。同时,地层的属性数据也在建模过程中加入到地层属性表中。本次工作解决了透镜体和螺旋体的建模难点,提高了建模精度。