Analysis of flood propagation changes in the Kienstock—Bratislava reach of the Danube River/Analyse des changements de propagation des crues dans le tronçon Kienstock—Bratislava du Fleuve Danube

Abstract

In the first part of this study, a flood wave transformation analysis for the largest historical floods in the Danube River reach Kienstock–Bratislava was carried out. For the simulation of the historical (1899 and 1954) flood propagation, the nonlinear river model NLN-Danube (calibrated on the recent river reach conditions) was used. It was shown that the simulated peak discharges were not changed significantly when compared to their historical counterparts. However, the simulated hydrographs exhibit a significant acceleration of the flood wave movement at discharges of between 5000 and 9000 m³ s^-1. In the second part, the travel time-water level relationships between Kienstock and Bratislava were analysed on a dataset of the flood peak water levels for the period 1991–2002. An empirical regression routing scheme for the Danube short-term water level forecast at Bratislava station was derived. This is based on the measured water level at Kienstock gauging station.     

Microbial signatures in sabkha evaporite deposits of Chott el Gharsa (Tunisia) and their astrobiological implications

This study investigates the geomicrobiological potential of Upper Pleistocene evaporite deposits of the Chott el Gharsa, a wide continental sabkha in southern Tunisia. Organic and inorganic-derived biosignatures are mostly contained in microcrystalline, laminated gypsum lithofacies consisting of light/dark alternations of concordant laminae, which have precipitated from high salt concentrated waters. These biosignatures include mineralized microbial-interpreted morphologies, such as mucilage, rods, and microfibers, and dumbbell morphologies in the hollow cores of dolomite crystals that are associated with sulfates. Mineral products that are induced by microbial activity and their organic compounds lead to the formation of lenticular-shaped gypsum crystals, with a high length/width ratio, dolomite precipitation and formation of pyrite framboids. Morphological and structural aspects of these biosignatures, and their composition, in laminated, dolomite-rich sulfate deposits could be detected through microscopic investigations and micro-analyses performed by the instrumentation that is planned for ongoing Mars sample return missions.     

2006年冬半年我国霾天气特征分析

利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2006年10月至2007年2月我国霾天气的时空分布、环流形势特征和霾天气过程中气象要素的变化特征进行了统计和天气学分析.结果表明:2006年10月、12月、1月和2月是我国霾频发时期,11-14时发生的范围最大.霾主要发生在中阻塞、南支槽和纬向型三种不同的环流形势下.霾天气发生时的气象要素分布存在南北区域性差异,其中湿度的差别最为显著.14时华南地区相对湿度最大值为80%左右,长江中下游地区为70%,而华北地区只有60%.24小时气压减弱有利霾的发生.华北地区24小时负变温,而长江以南地区正变温时,霾更容易发生.能见度最小值的分布表明,广东、黄淮等部分地区发生霾时能见度较其他区域更小,只有2km左右.这些对于了解霾的发生规律和预报具有重要意义.     

视频测量影像序列椭圆形人工目标点快速识别和跟踪方法

针对视频测量建筑物健康监测获取海量影像序列数据快速、准确识别和跟踪目标点的需求,提出基于影像块技术的椭圆形目标点识别和跟踪完整算法。该算法采用影像分块技术降低数据处理量,实现椭圆形目标点跟踪,集成数学形态学和椭圆几何属性特征,消除图像块边缘检测的非椭圆边缘信息,实现椭圆轮廓的提取,并采用最小二乘法拟合椭圆中心实现亚像素定位,快速、准确地实现视频测量建筑物健康监测椭圆形目标点的识别与跟踪。试验结果表明该方法获取的椭圆中心点像素坐标的RMS残差优于0.025个像素,且相对于随机Hough变换和模板识别算法,跟踪效率提高5倍以上。     

非发震断层的地震效应问题

本文采用二维动态有限元分析的方法，排除了影响宏观震害的其它因素，建立非发震断层的场地地震反应分析模型。计算中较全面地考虑了断层破碎带的尺度及带内岩土物理力学性能、断面产状、断层错距、覆盖层厚度、基岩起伏、输入波动力特性等一系列因素对地面峰值加速度及相对加速度反应谱的影响，并结合有关宏观震害资料从不同的角度对这些问题进行了初步的分析和探讨，认为非发震断层所表现出来的实际地震效应具有很大的随机性，其随机程度受控于断层自身要素的组合型式及各种外部条件。     

Changes in the structural and magnetic properties of Ni–substituted hematite prepared from metal oxinates

Samples prepared by the novel method based on the thermal decomposition at 700 °C in air of mixed Fe and Ni oxinates were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, magnetization measurements, and variable-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is found that the combustion treatment produces Ni-hematite and trevorite, the fraction of the latter increasing with the increment of Ni in the metal oxinates. Results indicate that the substitution of Ni²⁺ for Fe³⁺ in the hematite structure, which was found to be less than 5.3 mol%, is accompanied by the presence of oxygen and structural vacancy sites. Both the metal replacement and the presence of defects cause the a and c cell hematite parameters to decrease. The Néel temperature and the difference between the saturation fields for the antiferromagnetic AF and the weakly ferromagnetic WF phases are also found to decrease with nickel content. These effects are due to the fact that the magnetic behavior of hematite depends on the presence of Ni, vacancy sites, and lattice distortion. The large decrease in the Néel temperature with Ni doping suggests that structural vacancies are also present On the contrary, Ni incorporation does not appreciably affect the Morin temperature and the temperature range in which both AF and WF phases coexist. It is suggested that these effects are probably due to the differing effects that Ni and defects can produce on the magnetic dipolar and the single ion anisotropies.     

数值水槽内的阻尼消波和波浪变形计算

采用时域内对波面运动位置追踪的边界元方法,建立了一种非线性波浪变形计算的三维数值模式,并借助Spongelayer阻尼消波和Sommerfeld放射条件相匹配的处理方式,开发了一条三维非线性波的数值造波水槽,进而对水槽内的Stokes波进行了波浪变形计算。     

Un Pachyerymnoceras arabique dans le Callovien supérieur du Dahar (Sud tunisien), nouvel élément de datation du membre Ghomrassène (formation Tataouine) ; corrélations avec l'Arabie Saoudite et le Moyen-Orient

The first ammonite discovered at the base of the Ghomrassène Member of the Tataouine Formation belongs to a species of Pachyerymnoceras from the Latest Callovian (Solidum Zone) of the Arabian province. The underlying Krechem el Miit Member is also dated Late Callovian, with a fauna of Pachyerymnoceras from the Lower Athleta Zone in Algeria. The associated faunas (echinids, brachiopods) are the same, as well as the faunas of the overlying Ksar Haddada Member, which is dated also Late Callovian, referring to the brachiopods faunal succession in Saudi Arabia. Correlations with other areas in Tunisia, Saudi Arabia and Middle East underline the same sedimentary evolution during a second-order transgressive half-cycle. To cite this article: R. Enay et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 1157–1167.

Résumé

La première ammonite découverte à la base du membre Ghomrassène de la formation Tataouine est un Pachyerymnoceras de la partie supérieure du Callovien supérieur (Zone à Solidum) de la province arabique. Le membre Krechem el Miit sous-jacent est aussi daté du Callovien supérieur par des Pachyerymnoceras connus dans la partie inférieure de la Zone à Athleta en Algérie. La faune associée (échinides, brachiopodes) est la même que celle du membre Ksar Haddada sus-jacent, daté également du Callovien supérieur par référence à la succession des brachiopodes en Arabie Saoudite. Les corrélations avec les autres régions de Tunisie, l'Arabie Saoudite et le Moyen-Orient mettent en évidence une même évolution sédimentaire au cours d'un demi-cycle transgressif de deuxième ordre. Pour citer cet article : R. Enay et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 1157–1167.     

赣南陂头花岗岩体Nd-Sr同位素特征及其意义

对赣南陂头花岗岩岩体进行 Rb- Sr同位素定年研究 ,确定了其 Rb- Sr等时线年龄为(178.2± 0 .84 ) Ma,表明其形成于中侏罗世早期。并研究了陂头花岗岩 Sm- Nd组成 ,计算出其 εNd(t)值 (- 5.4～ - 6 .4 )和 T2 DM值 (140 6～ 1482 Ma) ,确定其物质来源为较年轻的地壳。