金矿床的热液流体特征研究

通过对中国东部金成矿区域地质特征的分析,根据氢氧同位素及流体包裹体数据特征,表明中国东部金矿床成矿流体主要来自大气降水,其次为变质作用过程释放的水和岩浆分异水;成矿金属组分主要来自太古宙变质岩系。     

八家子铅锌矿区吴家屯矿床矿物特征及银赋存状态

八家子铅锌矿区吴家屯矿床是燕山期形成的热液充填交代脉状铅锌矿床。矿床中除铅锌矿外还伴生有银、硫、铜、锰等多种有益元素。银主要呈微粒自然银、辉银矿、金银矿、银黝铜矿、黝锑银矿、硫砷铜银矿、含碲银矿物等产出,并呈包裹体产于方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、石英等矿物中,或充填于这些矿物的裂隙及晶隙中。少部分银则以类质同象形式存在于方铅矿、黄铁矿矿物中。     

DENDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSES ON EXPOSED ROOTS ALONG TWO MOUNTAIN HIKING TRAILS IN THE CENTRAL ITALIAN ALPS

ABSTRACT. Mountain landscapes show rapid evolution, especially at high altitudes, in response to current climate changes. In addition, the greater number of routes and trails made available and the increase in tourism have caused some impacts on mountain areas. Gradual soil erosion has been observed along some hiking trails, with the latter tending to deepen, and with stronger erosion where the trail cuts the slope. Where trails cross forested areas, trees can suffer root damage from foot trampling as roots become exposed. A dendrogeomorphological study was conducted on trees along two hiking trails in upper Valtellina (Italian Alps). On the first trail, in Valle dei Forni, European larches and stone pines, mostly with exposed roots, were sampled. A mean erosion rate of 2.7 mm/a, related to deepening of the footpath, was obtained, and various degrees of root growth disturbance along the trail were observed. In particular, the growth of many sampled roots shows an increase in ring width corresponding with the moment when root exposure occurred, followed, after 3–5 years, by rapid growth suppression. The exposure of many roots has taken place since the 1980s. No significant variations in stem growth were observed, even when there were exposed and damaged roots. Along the second trail, in Valle Alpisella, exposed roots of mountain pines were analysed. A mean erosion rate of 3.2–3.7 mm/a, related to the escarpments bordering the footpath, was obtained, while no significant changes were detected in root growth.     

云南三江口地区超基性岩岩石化学及成因

三江口地区超基性岩按岩石类型可分六种,岩石的m/f值小于6 5,属铁质超基性岩,呈包体状产于下二叠统木星土岩组(P1mx.)及上二叠统洛吉组(P2lj)中,与其为同源异相产物,形成于板块裂陷环境。岩浆活动时期大致为晚古生代 早三叠世早期,可能代表古特提斯形成的早期阶段。成果为进一步研究和恢复该区古构造格局提供重要依据。     

变斑晶晶内显微构造特征及其成因综述

变斑晶晶内包体径迹的成因研究是当代变质岩岩石学研究的一个重大方向。变斑晶是联系变质的变形的重要媒介，对研究造山过程及机制、ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹，褶皱作用机制，变质过程，变形过程、物质运移机制等起着关键性的作用，晶内包体径迹按几何形态分为９大类，综合当前的模拟结果，观察事实，分别对其成因问题作了探讨。     

Early formed regional antiforms and synforms that fold younger matrix schistosities: their effect on sites of mineral growth

In the metamorphic cores of many orogenic belts, large macroscopic folds in compositional layering also appear to fold one or more pervasive matrix foliations. The latter geometry suggests the folds formed relatively late in the tectonic history, after foliation development. However, microstructural analysis of four examples of such folds suggests this is not the case. The folds formed relatively early in the orogenic history and are the end product of multiple, near orthogonal, overprinting bulk shortening events. Once large macroscopic folds initiate, they may tighten further during successive periods of sub-parallel shortening, folding or reactivation of foliations that develop during intervening periods of near orthogonal shortening. Reactivation of the compositional layering defining the fold limbs causes foliation to be rotated into parallelism with the limbs.Multiple periods of porphyroblast growth accompanied the multiple phases of deformation that postdated the initial development of these folds. Some of these phases of deformation were attended by the development of large numbers of same asymmetry spiral-shaped inclusion trails in porphyroblasts on one limb of the fold and not the other, or larger numbers of opposite asymmetry spirals on the other limb, or similar numbers of the same asymmetry spirals on both limbs. Significantly, the largest disparity in numbers from limb to limb occurred for the first of these cases. For all four regional folds examined, the structural relationships that accompanied these large disparities were identical. In each case the shear sense operating on steeply dipping foliations was opposite to that required to originally develop the fold. Reactivation of the folded compositional layering was not possible for this shear sense. This favoured the development of sites of approximately coaxial shortening early during the deformation history, enhancing microfracture and promoting the growth of porphyroblasts on this limb in comparision to the other. These distributions of inclusion trail geometries from limb to limb cannot be explained by porphyroblast rotation, or folding of pre-existing rotated porphyroblasts within a shear zone, but can be explained by development of the inclusion trails synchronous with successive sub-vertical and sub-horizontal foliations.     

Sulfide evolution in high-temperature to ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic rocks from Lützow–Holm Complex, East Antarctica

The high-temperature (HT) to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphic rocks from Lützow–Holm Complex, East Antarctica show a systematic difference between sulfide assemblages in the rock matrix and those found as inclusions in the silicates stable in high-temperatures. Matrix sulfides are commonly pyrite with or without pentlandite and chalcopyrite. On the other hand, inclusion sulfides are pyrrhotite with or without pentlandite and chalcopyrite lamellae. When recalculated into integrated single-phase sulfide compositions, inclusion sulfides from the UHT region showed a wider range of solid–solution composition than the inclusion sulfides from the HT region. The host minerals of the sulfides with extreme solid–solution compositions are those stable at the peak of metamorphism such as orthopyroxene and garnet. One of the most extreme ones is included in orthopyroxene coexisting with sillimanite ± quartz, which is the diagnostic mineral assemblage of UHT metamorphism. These observations suggest that sulfide inclusions preserve their peak metamorphic compositions. Pyrrhotite did not revert to pyrite because of the closed system behavior of sulfur in inclusion sulfides. On the other hand, in the rock matrix where the open system behavior of sulfur is permitted, original sulfides were partly to completely altered by the later fluid activity.     

大水沟碲矿床成矿物理化学条件研究

本文在对大水沟碲矿床各成矿阶段矿物共生分析、成矿温度、矿液成分研究的基础上,对成矿的其它物理化学条件,如pH、f_O2、f_S2、f_Te2等作了热力学计算,并结合矿床地质资料,计算与分析了成矿过程中碲的迁移形式及富集机理。     

旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道的影响评估

作为旅游景区基础设施的步道,高频率旅游利用会对其产生一定程度的影响。选取张家界森林公园的黄石寨景区为研究对象,运用"既成事实调查法",设置30个样点,选取了若干特征与指标来评估步道的受影响情况。结果显示,景区的步道扩展率为13.5%,步道冲蚀发生率为73.3%,步道损毁有14处,步道边缘的土壤性状和植被状况也发生了改变,这说明旅游活动对黄石寨景区步道产生了负面影响。而且山顶环寨游道受到旅游活动的影响最大,上山游道次之,下山游道最小,这与旅游利用强度密切相关。     

小秦岭含金石英脉中包裹体的热爆曲线特征及其找矿意义

应用自制的高性能爆裂仪能探测到小秦岭地区脉型金矿微小包裹体的热爆温度,探测到金矿成矿热流体的存在及其活动强度;根据包裹体热爆曲线特征判别岩石的含金性及区分富金矿石和贫金矿石,为金矿找矿与评价提供重要依据。