GGR Critical Review of Analytical Developments in 2004–2005

In 2005 Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research embarked upon a new initiative for its readers. Key researchers in various fields of geoanalytical technique development and their application were identified and invited to provide reviews pertinent to their expertise. As noted in the first of these publications "…instead of revisiting the historical context or decades of development in each analytical technique, the goal here has been to capture a snapshot of "hot topics" across a range of fields as represented in the… literature" (Hergt et al . 2005). Rather than prepare an annual review, a decision was taken earlier this year to provide a biennial summary of progress and accomplishments, in this case for the years 2004–2005. The principal techniques employed in Earth and environmental sciences are covered here, and include laser ablation and multicollector ICP-MS, ICP-AES, thermal ionisation and secondary ion mass spectrometry, as well as neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. A comprehensive review of the development of reference materials, often essential to these techniques, is also provided. The contributions assembled serve both to keep readers informed of advances they may be unfamiliar with, but also as a means of showcasing examples of the breadth and depth of work being conducted in these fields.     

GGR Critical Review of Analytical Developments in 2003

The articles that comprise this critical review serve to draw attention to research papers published in specific fields of interest during 2003, provide critical comment on the relevance and importance of individual publications in these fields, and offer an overview of the comparative importance of advances in particular areas. In this way, these articles aim to assist experts in the field by keeping them informed of relevant recent publications, as well as providing an important resource for students or early career researchers who are embarking on studies in an area new to them. This year, five papers provide summaries of developments in bulk sample determinations employing (1) ICP-AES and ICP-MS (trace elements), (2) XRF and atomic absorption spectrometry and INAA, (3) isotope ratio measurements (TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, ICP-MS, ToF), as well as in situ measurements conducted using (4) secondary ion mass spectrometry and (5) laser ablation ICP-MS (trace element and isotope ratio determinations).     

云南双沟变质橄榄岩中蛇纹石的稀土元素空间分布

本文探讨变质橄榄岩的ＬＲＥＥ富集型及Ｕ型分布的ＲＥＥ球粒陨石模型，是橄榄石固有的还是后期蚀变形成的。并寻求复原蚀变前橄榄石的ＲＥＥ丰度及型式。我们用蛇纹石颗粒代表蚀变后的橄榄石，用分选法和化学分层剥离法对样品进行予处理。用中子活化分析（ＮＡＡ）手段进行了测试。结果表明：分选法确定了ＬＲＥＥ的主要赋存载体是蛇纹石。分层剥离最后内核的ＲＥＥ丰度及模型，可近似地作为原来（未蚀变前）橄榄石的ＲＥＥ丰度及模型。     

GGR Biennial Review: Atomic Absorption,Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry,Neutron Activation Analysis and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Review for 2008–2009

This review describes developments major and in trace element determination using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry that were reported in 2008 and 2009. Publication levels were comparable to those of previous years, except for XRF which showed an increase in the number of articles published in the past 2 years. In terms of number of publications and impact, the most active field was AAS, while INAA was the least active. As expected for well-established and mature methods, novel developments for all four analytical techniques were relatively sparse. For AAS, the most notable publications concerned developments in sample introduction, particularly focussing on solid samples, increasing analyte sensitivity, and higher sample throughput. For ICP-AES, publication of developments in sample introduction, remediation of matrix effects and calibration continues. Compared with past years, there was a clear focus on sample preconcentration methods, but very few publications reporting new hyphenated speciation methods. For INAA, there were several publications exploring the accuracy and robustness of the method, as well as the requirements for INAA to meet criteria for a primary method of measurement. Two other related techniques, delayed neutron activation analysis, and prompt gamma activation analysis, were also described. Hyphenated XRF techniques showed interesting developments in enabling XRF and XRD analysis on the same spot, and further work characterising and calibrating three-dimensional micro-XRF shows promising results for investigating sample heterogeneity.     

A New Method Searching for Concealed Mineral Resources: Geogas Prospecting Based on Nuclear Analysis and Accumulation Sampling

INTRODUCTIoNThemineralresourcescanbehardlyfoundontheexpo-sureornearthesurfacerecent1y.Itbecomesmoreandmoredifficulttosearchfordeep-seatedresourcesoflargeorsuper-largedeposits,orthedeeppartoftheoldmines.Traditionalmethodsinsomecasesarelesssuccessfulinthesearchformetalmineralresourceshundredsmetersbelow.ExplorationactiQnsmoreandmoredependoncomprehensivemethodsandtechniques-Geogasprospectinghasbeendevelopingasanewandnontraditionalmethodforthisquiteurgenttask.Studyofthegeogasprospectingbased…     

胶州湾贝类体内29种元素含量的分析研究

从胶州湾不同污染程度的几个地点采集贻贝,蛤仔和牡蛎,通过用中子活化分析技术和原子吸收法,测得它们体内的２９种元素的组成,通过比较元素组成的差异性,初步分析了样品所在地的环境现状,该项研究是中国环境标本库海洋方面的重要部分。     

南极GRV 98003和其它3个铁陨石的化学组成及分类

用仪器中子活化测定了从南极回收的GRV98003铁陨石和乌珠穆沁铁陨石Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Ga,Ge,As,Sb,W,Re,Ir,Pt及Au的浓度。根据化学组成,重新对这两个未分群的铁陨石进行了分类工作,其中将GRV98003铁陨石划分为IAB群,乌珠穆沁铁陨石划分为与IAB群相关的单独铁陨石。GRV98003铁陨石的元素丰度模式、元素对相关性(如NiAu,CoAu,AsAu,WAu,CuAu,SbAu)等与NWA468铁陨石(IAB)相似,但前者具有明显的难熔亲铁元素(Re,Ir)和中等挥发性元素(Ga,Ge)的贫化。此外,本文还对南丹铁陨石(IIICD)和邕宁铁陨石(IA)的化学群重新进行了讨论,提出将前者划分为IAB复合群的主群,而将后者划分为与IAB复合群相关的单独铁陨石的新观点。     

潘集煤矿二叠纪主采煤层中微量元素亲和性研究

安徽淮南煤田位于华北地台南端 ,发育了华北地区二叠纪含煤岩系中层位最高的可采煤层。采用仪器中子活化分析法 (INAA)测试了淮南煤田潘集煤矿二叠纪主采煤层 13个样品的 36个微量元素的浓度分布 ,并对其共生组合特点、地球化学特征及稀土元素配比模式作了初步分析 ,结果表明 ,煤中不同微量元素显示出不同的亲和性质。元素Br,As ,Sb ,Ni和Co等趋于在煤中富集 ,其中Br的有机亲和性最大。元素Na ,K ,Rb ,Th ,Hf,Zr ,Ta和REE则在煤层与顶底板接触带的碳质泥岩中富集 ,表现出与细粒陆源碎屑物更强的亲和性。其它元素倾向性不甚明显 ,但Fe ,Ca ,Sr ,HREE等元素在海水影响强度增大的煤层中含量增加。元素As,Cs,Ni,Fe和Ca在煤层中含量变化较大 ,其变异系数大于 1,其它元素则相对稳定 ,表明同一矿区煤层中微量元素含量在不受其它地质作用明显叠加影响时具有一定的稳定性。本区煤层稀土元素配比模式与华北其它地区C—P纪煤基本类似 ,普遍存在Eu亏损现象。 ∑REE在煤中分布范围为30× 10 -6～ 95× 10 -6,在顶板泥岩中超过 2 0 0× 10 -6。煤层中部 ∑REE降低 ,HREE相对富集。聚类分析表明 ,元素As ,Se ,Ag和Fe关系密切 ,这与煤中黄铁矿等成岩矿物有直接关系 ,泥炭沼泽演化期间或之后海水的直接或间接影响会促使这     

微堆中子活化技术测定多金属结核和海洋沉积物中多元素

介绍了微堆中子活化法对多金属结核及其伴生海洋沉积物样品中痕量元素的测定条件,讨论了误差来源。实验结果给出了某些元素的地球化学特征,为研究多金属结核的形成提供了依据。     

Element-Enrichment Factors in Lichens from Terceira, Santa Maria and Madeira Islands (Azores and Madeira Archipelagoes)

In this study, more than 20 minor and trace elements have been determined by INAA (instrumental neutron activation analysis), in different species of lichens in three Portuguese islands of the Central North Atlantic (Santa Maria, Terceira, and Madeira Islands). The foliose species Parmotrema bangii, Parmotrema robustum, Parmotrema crinitum, Flavoparmelia caperata, Platismatia glauca, and the fruiticose species Ramalina canariensis, Ramalina farinacea, Ramalina implectens, Ramalina pusilla, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia coniocraea, Usnea dasaea, Usnea esperantiana, were the collected species. Samples of superficial soils were also collected and the fraction below 64 m was analysed. The enrichment factors relative to this fraction using Al as the normalising element were calculated. Fruiticose and foliose lichens displayed different EF values concerning bromine and potassium. The first was more enriched in the foliose species while the latter was more enriched in the fruiticose species and was assigned to the physiological response. Enrichment was found for Mg, Cs, As, Hg, Na, Zn, and Cl, in all the species. Lichen-based concentration patterns were shown for Na, Al, Cl, Br, Sb, Ce, and Hg and compared to similar patterns in Portugal mainland. In general, the patterns compared well except for Cl, Na, and Br. Background levels of the epiphytic lichens collected in the islands were obtained.