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1.
The Eastern Flank Hydrocarbon Province borders the southeastern edge of the South Oman Salt Basin in the southern part of Oman. An intensive exploration programme by PDO over the past seven years has led to the discovery of almost 2 × 109 m3 of oil with current production of some 15000 m3/d from six fields.In stark contrast to other oil habitats of the Arabian Peninsula, the main play involves rock units and geological events ranging in age from Late Precambrian to Quaternary Times, while trap development and charging are closely related to syn-tectonic salt dissolution.The principal reservoirs and seals are poorly consolidated, Palaeozoic clastics which drape, due to salt dissolution, over residual ‘cores’ principally composed of either Lower Palaeozoic sandstones (Haima Group), or Late Proterozoic carbonates (Huqf Group), or some combination of these. Oils have been geochemically correlated with algal source rocks of the Huqf Eastern Flank. Structures are considered to have been ‘charged’ from Late Mesozoic times onwards in conjunction with progressive subsurface salt removal and the onset of maturation of local source rocks. The effectiveness of ‘charging’ along the retreating salt edge is indicated by the small percentage of dry wells.Major oil zones are found in both anticlinal and truncation traps which are commonly developed around sandstone (Haima Group) cores. Oils show a wide range of characteristics but are typically heavy, early expulsion crudes, high sulphur with little associated gas. Bacterial transformation is not uncommon.Producing reservoirs mainly occur at relatively shallow depths (600–1200 m). Primary recovery factors of around 7% reflect the high density and viscosity of the Eastern Flank crudes and have initiated interest in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques. Two such pilot projects, involving steam and polymer flooding, are due to commence in 1984 and, if successful, will substantially increase the reserve base of these fields. 相似文献
2.
Deep sea drilling in the Central Gulf of California, a young and active spreading centre, shows that the high heat flow typical of these regions causes extensive alteration of sediment organic matter, especially near sills and above magma chambers where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Even on the nearby passive margin, where there are no sills, heat flow is moderately high and hydrocarbon generation has begun in immature sequences. Migrating light hydrocarbons are detected especially where hydrothermal activity is concentrated. Thermogenic methane is more widespread, though not in the passive margin bordering the spreading centre. Despite the incidence of hydrocarbon generation and migration, the amounts of hydrocarbons involved are relatively small and apparently do not lead to commercially significant accumulations of petroleum.The organic matter in these sediments is mostly marine because the Gulf of California generally has low runoff from land and highly productive surface waters. Turbidites rich in terrigenous organic material are locally abundant in the mainly pelagic section in the Guaymas Basin. The highest concentrations of organic matter are found in laminated diatomites deposited on the Guaymas passive margin within the oxygen minimum zone. 相似文献
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华南下二叠统层状硅岩的形成及意义 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
华南地区下二叠统的层状硅岩分布较稳定,厚度一般为几十米,含有数量不等的放射虫和海绵骨针等,并据此可分为放射虫硅岩、海绵骨针硅岩和贫化石硅岩。化学成分特点和硅氧同位素值,具有生物化学成因硅岩的特征,与火山成因和热水成因的硅岩也有一定联系。层状硅岩的形成明显受断裂控制,硅质生物、上升洋流和水平洋流则是硅质富集、保存和沉淀的主要因素,而海底火山和热水活动的参与也起到一定促进。层状硅岩中有机碳含量丰富,平均0.69%,是潜在的有利烃源岩。 相似文献
6.
岩浆活动与油气成藏地质条件的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
结合国内外众多含油气盆地中岩浆活动对油气生储盖及圈闭等条件的影响,探讨了岩浆活动与油气成藏地质条件的关系。岩浆活动伴随的高热流可以提高盆地古地温,加速烃源岩演化,亦将使与岩浆岩毗邻的烃源岩达到高成熟或过成熟;岩浆岩及其围岩蚀变带可成为良好的特殊储层;岩浆活动还可形成一些特殊类型的圈闭。另一方面,若岩浆活动时间与油气生成、运移与聚集时间不匹配,将对油气藏的形成与保存起较大的破坏作用。 相似文献
7.
H. J. Nijhuis 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1997,86(2):322-331
The prediction of the hydrocarbon potential of a specific trap or of a number of specific traps (venture), referred to herein
as prospect appraisal, concerns a probabilistic exercise based on the quantification of geology in terms of structural closure,
reservoir quality, hydrocarbon charge, and the retention potential of the seal. Its objectives include: (a) prediction of
the hydrocarbon volumes that could be present in the trap from an analysis of its geologic attributes; (b) the amount of uncertainty
introduced in the volumetric prediction by the uncertainties in the subsurface geology; (c) the risk that one or more of the
essential attributes of the prospect are underdeveloped and recoverable reserves are absent. The uncertainty of the geologic
input requires a probabilistic approach, for which the Monte Carlo procedure is well suited.
Prospect appraisal forms the basis for decision-making in oil exploration and development and, therefore, should be reliable,
consistent, and auditable. This requires the use of a consistent methodology, the development of reliable models to quantify
the geologic processes involved, and the collection of comprehensive and relational databases for the many geologic variables.
As a result of data availability, uncertainty and risk tend to increase strongly from mature, producing basins to areas of
frontier exploration. This may complicate management of exploration portfolios.
Received: 1 July 1996/Accepted: 25 November 1996 相似文献
8.
塔中地区主要受塔中Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号及Ⅲ号三条大断层控制 ,形成巨型复式背斜 ,隆起高部位地层遭受了强烈的风化剥蚀。背斜之上 ,断裂和局部构造发育。可划分出两个主要成藏期 :第Ⅰ成藏期为寒武系—下奥陶统烃源岩成熟生烃运移期 ,生排烃高峰为志留纪 ;第Ⅱ成藏期为中—上奥陶统烃源岩在燕山期—喜马拉雅期成熟生烃运聚。第Ⅰ成藏期形成的油藏有两个特征 :在塔中Ⅰ号断裂带、北部斜坡带油气注入奥陶系及志留系圈闭中 ,形成原生油气藏 ;构造高部位 (如中央断垒带 )的油气藏在后期构造运动中遭受破坏。第Ⅱ成藏期形成的油藏可分为两类 :对早期油藏的再次充注 ;聚集形成新油藏。塔中地区的油气运移通道主要有断裂和不整合面 ,油气的分布也主要受断裂和不整合面所控制。塔中Ⅰ号构造带和北部斜坡带是较为有利的勘探区带 相似文献
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羌塘盆地油气勘探前景展望 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
羌塘盆地为中生代大型的海相残留型构造盆地。盆地的南北缝合带及中央隆起带,宏观上可视为三条构造活动带,其间所夹持的两个相对稳定的地块,特别是南、北坳陷中部的两个复向斜区,是油气勘探的主攻方向。上三叠统—上侏罗统是盆地内的沉积主体,“两坳夹一隆”的古构造格局控制了沉积和烃源层的发育和展布。生物礁、滩多分布在高隆起周缘的碳酸盐岩台地上,发育于各组段中,但以侏罗系布曲组及索瓦组相对集中。盆地内发育有上三叠统肖茶卡组、中侏罗统布曲组和夏里组以及上侏罗统索瓦组四套主要烃源层,估算盆地的总生烃量为9930.92×108t,远景资源量为52.95×108t,具有雄厚的找油物质基础。盆地内发育了四套生储盖组合,其中以侏罗系(组合Ⅲ)布曲组—夏里组亚组合最好,是盆地主要的勘探目的层。应用多种方法综合研究和评价认为,北羌塘坳陷金星湖—东湖—托纳木地区和南羌塘坳陷比洛错东—土门地区是最有利的含油气远景区。 相似文献