论运城市地下水超采与保护策略

本文论述了2002年运城市地下水超采状况及其引起的环境地质等一系列问题.并遵循可持续发展的思想,提出了地下水资源保护的几点意见.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷的油气运聚分析

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷是一个以白垩系沉积为主的陆相断陷区。采用条件分析法,对贝尔凹陷的油气运聚条件及其成藏的基本模式进行了系统研究,认为,贝尔凹陷在剖面上有3套成藏组合,其中中部成藏组合最佳;在平面上可分为5个运聚系统,其中以位于凹陷西北部的3个系统为最佳。该凹陷不同构造部位的运聚条件相差较大,生烃洼陷深部位的油气运移以砂岩储集层和断裂为主要输导通道,构造高部位的油气运移以断裂为主,而两者之间的油气输导则以不整合面和断裂为主。在油气运聚和成藏模式分析的基础上,认为贝尔凹陷油气运聚的有利条件主要包括生油凹陷有充足的油源、生油区内有继承性发育的圈闭构造以及各运聚要素间存在良好的时空配置关系3个方面。     

辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的碳同位素组成特征

通过对辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的饱和烃、芳烃的碳同位素组成特征、原油同位素类型和单体烃同位素特征进行研究 ,发现整个东部凹陷原油及其组分的碳同位素值偏重 ,指示其源岩有机质中藻类和低等水生生物的贡献较少 ;饱和烃—芳烃的碳同位素值关系揭示东部凹陷大部分原油样品与沙河街组沙三段烃源岩的特征相近 ,而南部和北部地区少数样品表现出负的碳同位素异常 ,与该区中生界源岩样品的接近 ,推测原油中可能混入了中生界来源的油气。南部地区各样品的碳同位素类型曲线和单体烃的碳同位素曲线均相似 ,揭示了两者具相同的油气来源。北部地区各原油样品的单体烃的碳同位素类型曲线间具有相似的分布特征 ,但茨榆坨地区的原油样品的碳同位素值比牛居地区的系统偏轻 ,可能是成熟度相对较低引起的 ,表明茨榆坨地区原油具有早期成藏的特征。原油的碳同位素组成特征是研究油气来源和成藏特征分析的一种重要手段。     

Circulation characteristics of a monsoon depression during BOBMEX-99 using high-resolution analysis

The skill and efficiency of a numerical model mostly varies with the quality of initial values, accuracy on parameterization of physical processes and horizontal and vertical resolution of the model. Commonly used low-resolution reanalyses are hardly able to capture the prominent features associated with organized convective processes in a monsoon depression. The objective is to prepare improved high-resolution analysis by the use of MM5 modelling system developed by the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR). It requires the objective comparison of high and low-resolution analysis datasets in assessing the specific convective features of a monsoon depression. For this purpose, reanalysis datasets of NCAR/NCEP (National Center for Atmospheric Research/National Centers for Environmental Prediction) at a horizontal resolution of 2.5‡ (latitude/longitude) have been used as first guess in the objective analysis scheme. The additional asynoptic datasets obtained during BOBMEX-99 are utilized within the assimilation process. Cloud Motion Wind (CMW) data of METEOSAT satellite and SSM/I surface wind data are included for the improvement of derived analysis. The multiquadric (MQD) interpolation technique is selected and applied for meteorological objective analysis at a horizontal resolution of 30 km. After a successful inclusion of additional data, the resulting reanalysis is able to produce the structure of convective organization as well as prominent synoptic features associated with monsoon depression. Comparison and error verifications have been done with the help of available upper-air station data. The objective verification reveals the efficiency of the analysis scheme.     

黄骅坳陷横向变换带的构造特征及成因

讨论了黄骅坳陷横向变换带的构造特征和成因。根据利用地震反射剖面对盆地构造几何学的研究，圈定了不同尺度的横向变换带，确定了伸展构造背景下的横向变换带是为了保持区域伸展应变调节构造变形的一种调节体系。这种伸展应变守恒是靠三维空间上断层位移沿走向的变化实现的。横向变换带的构造样式为横向地垒状凸起和鼻状凸起或鼻状背斜，并具伸展性质的正断层。横向凸起与非叠复的和叠复的分段断层系伴生及发育在断层位移最小处等事实表明，横向凸起或横向鼻状背斜是由于分段断层系位移沿走向变化形成的。     

下辽河坳陷现代应力场特征

本文通过辽河油田的钻孔崩落资料及小地震震源机制解，推断出辽河坳陷地区现代构造应力场的特征。两种方法得到的结果基本一致，即区域应务场和局部应力场的结果一致，该地区处于走滑断层型应力状态。     

大同市(平原区)地下水超采现状及治理措施

通过分析大同市平原区地下水超采现状,指出地下水超采容易引起的水环境问题,针对日益紧张的水资源供需矛盾和地下水起采引起的水环境问题,提出了超采区的治理措施.     

Development of joints and shear fractures in the Kuqa depression and its implication to regional stress field switching

The superimposed basin must have undergone the changes of regional stress field. Study on the nature and switch of regional stress field of superimposed basin is very useful to understanding its stress state and tectonic events during its formation and evolution. As sensitive markers of small stress changes, joint and shear fracture, characterized by consistency of orientation over wide area, can be used to reconstruct paleostress state and its evolution. Detailed observations and analysis on the orientations, geometrical patterns, sequences of joints and shear fractures and their chronological relation to faults and folds show that, the NEE-SWW systematic joints and NNW-SSE systematic joints developed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata are much more prominent than NW-SE systematic joints and shear fractures with different orientations. And the NWW-SEE and NW-SE systematic joints formed later than NEE-SWW systematic joints but earlier than shear fractures with different orientations. According to the relationships between joint and shear fractures and stress, the NEE-SWW systematic joints are inferred to result from lateral weak extension caused by the late Cretaceous regional uplift, while the NNW-SSE and NW-SE systematic joints are interpreted as syn-tectonic deformation relating to strong N-S compression in the Neogene. But some conjugate shear fractures occur probably due to sinistral strike-slip faulting in the Kuqa depression. At the beginning of the Neogene, the stress field changed and the maximal principal stress σ1 switched from vertical to horizontal.     

冀中坳陷-黄骅坳陷馆陶组热储发育差异性及成井条件

本文论述了冀中坳陷-黄骅坳陷馆陶组热储砂岩、底部砾岩、砂砾岩的发育、孔隙度及热水水质的差异性,对热储出水特征进行了探讨,提出了馆陶组热储成井的基本条件,对冀中坳陷-黄骅坳陷馆陶组热储成井具有一定的指导意义。     

乌鲁木齐后峡地区侏罗系沉积特征、剥露过程及中新生代盆山关系讨论

沉积学研究和古流向统计分析表明,侏罗纪时期后峡坳陷不是一个独立的盆地,而是与准噶尔南缘相连的同一盆地。后峡南缘侏罗系底部发育边缘相的冲积扇,表明当时的侏罗纪盆地范围至少达到后峡一带,比现今山前侏罗系分布范围大很多。煤岩镜质体反射率(Ro)分析表明,中侏罗统西山窑组(J2x)的埋深至少在3 km以上。根据磷灰石裂变径迹年龄并结合构造分析资料,提出是晚新生代以来的天山快速隆升过程和前陆冲断推覆构造,分隔了后峡坳陷和天山北缘侏罗系。