内蒙古狼山地区浩日格山二长花岗岩的地球化学特征、LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年及Hf同位素组成

内蒙古狼山地区浩日格山岩体位于中亚造山带南缘及华北北缘的结合位置,对其进行系统的岩石地球化学探讨有助于加深对中亚造山带晚古生代—早中生代构造- 岩浆演化及地球动力学背景的认识。该岩体主体岩性为二长花岗岩,可进一步划分为二云母二长花岗岩及斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年分别获得二者的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为244.9±1.6Ma及230.2±1.5Ma,指示其形成于三叠纪早—中期。地球化学分析结果表明,浩日格山二长花岗岩SiO2含量介于72.58%~74.42%之间,K2O含量为4.06%~5.82%,Na2O含量为3.08%~3.88%,Al2O3含量为13.39%~14.55%,具有高钾钙碱性和过铝质特征。岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土相对亏损,具有较明显的负铕异常。岩体富集Rb、U、Hf;亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti和Zr,显示出高分异花岗岩的特点。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示：εHf(t)值总体为负值,并且与华北北缘三叠纪花岗岩εHf(t)值基本一致,表明源区主要为华北古老地壳。对浩日格山二长花岗岩的研究表明狼山地区在三叠纪早—中期为后碰撞构造环境,可能与古亚洲洋的最终闭合关系密切。     

新疆西准噶尔造山带北部晚石炭世I型花岗岩的岩石地球化学和锆石Hf- O同位素特征：对其岩石成因与构造过程的启示

新疆西准噶尔造山带发育大量的晚古生代侵入岩,但它们的岩浆源区和形成的构造背景仍然存在较大争议。本文对西准噶尔造山带北部阿尔加提山石英二长岩进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学、锆石Hf- O同位素研究,旨在揭示其岩石成因和构造背景,探讨其与地壳生长的关系。两件样品的锆石U- Pb定年结果分别为301. 8±1. 4 Ma和303. 7±3. 1 Ma,形成于晚石炭世。阿尔加提山石英二长岩样品含有角闪石,高硅（SiO2=67. 8%~68. 9%）、富碱（K2O+Na2O=9. 36%~9. 89%）、具有低的铝饱和指数（A/CNK=0. 96~1. 00）,伴有低的Ga/Al值（2. 27~2. 34）,Rb/Sr值（0. 35~0. 50）,显示出I型花岗岩的特征。同时,这些样品均富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土,亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta和Ti等）,和负的Eu异常（δEu=0. 72~0. 85）,类似于典型俯冲相关的岛弧岩浆特征。这些I型花岗岩具有高的、正的锆石εHf（t）值（+11. 2~+14. 5）和年轻的二阶段Hf模式年龄（tDM2=604~392 Ma）,以及比地幔值略高的锆石δ18O 值（5. 73‰~6. 51‰）和高的锆石饱和封闭温度（Tzr=854~895℃）,可能是新生下地壳在高温背景下部分熔融的产物。结合前人在西准噶尔造山带北部发现的晚石炭世早二叠世A1和A2型花岗岩和埃达克质岩墙,本文认为这些高温岩石组合的形成可能与晚石炭世的洋中脊俯冲及其相关板片窗作用有关。在洋脊俯冲背景下,软流圈地幔上涌加热新生下地壳,促使其发生部分熔融形成I和A1和A2型花岗岩。西准噶尔造山带大多数下地壳主要形成于早古生代,表明该地区在显生宙发生了显著的地壳增长。     

A hafnium isotope and trace element perspective on melting of the depleted mantle

New Hf isotope and trace element data on mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) from the Pacific Ocean basin are remarkably uniform (¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf≈0.28313–0.28326) and comparable to previously published data [Salters, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 141 (1996) 109–123; Patchett, Lithos 16 (1983) 47–51]. Atlantic MORB have ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ranging from 0.28302 to 0.28335 confirming the wide range originally identified by Patchett and Tatsumoto [Geophys. Res. Lett. 7 (1980) 1077–1080]. Indian MORB define an even wider range, from 0.28277 to 0.28337, but three exotic samples have very unradiogenic Hf isotope compositions. Their very low ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios, together with their trace element characteristics, require the presence of unusual plume-type material beneath the Indian ridge. All other Indian MORB have uniform Hf isotope compositions at about 0.2832, and define a small field displaced to the right of other MORB in Hf–Nd isotope space. The distinct nature of Indian MORB is best explained by the presence in Indian depleted mantle of old recycled oceanic crust and pelagic sediments. Sm/Hf ratios calculated from new high-precision rare earth element and Hf trace element data do not vary in MORB in the same way as in ocean island basalts (OIB): ratios are constant in OIB, but decrease with increasing Sm contents in MORB. The constancy of Sm/Hf in OIB is probably due to an overwhelming influence of residual garnet during melting. By contrast, the decrease of Sm/Hf in MORB is due to the effect of clinopyroxene in the residue of melting beneath ridges, an interpretation confirmed by quantitative modeling of melting. The relationship between Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios in MORB does not require the presence of garnet in the residual mineralogy. The decoupling of Lu/Hf ratios and Hf isotope compositions – the so-called Hf paradox [Salters and Hart, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 70 (1989) 510] – can be explained by melting dominantly in the spinel field at shallow depths beneath mid-ocean ridges.     

Radiogenic Hf isotopic compositions of continental eolian dust from Asia, its variability and its implications for seawater Hf

The inorganic silicate fraction extracted from bulk pelagic sediments from the North Pacific Ocean is eolian dust. It monitors the composition of continental crust exposed to erosion in Asia. ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios of modern dust are sub-chondritic between 0.011 and 0.016 but slightly elevated with respect to immature sediments. Modern dust samples display a large range in Hf isotopic composition (IC), −4.70<?_Hf<+16.45, which encompasses that observed for the time series of DSDP cores 885/886 and piston core LL44-GPC3 extending back to the late Cretaceous. Hafnium and neodymium isotopic results are consistent with a dominantly binary mixture of dust contributed from island arc volcanic material and dust from central Asia. The Hf-Nd isotopic correlation for all modern dust samples, ?_Hf=0.78?_Nd+5.66 (n=22, R²=0.79), is flatter than those reported so far for terrestrial reservoirs. Moreover, the variability in ?_Hf of Asian dust exceeds that predicted on the basis of corresponding ?_Nd values (−4.7<?_Hf<+2.5; −10.9<?_Nd<−10.1). This is attributed to: (1) the fixing of an important unradiogenic fraction of Hf in zircons, balanced by radiogenic Hf that is mobile in the erosional cycle, (2) the elevated Lu/Hf ratio in chemical sediments which, given time, results in a Hf signature that is radiogenic compared with Hf expected from its corresponding Nd isotopic components, and (3) the possibility that diagenetic resetting of marine sediments may incorporate a significant radiogenic Hf component into diagenetically grown minerals such as illite. Together, these processes may explain the variability and more radiogenic character of Hf isotopes when compared to the Nd isotopic signatures of Asian dust. The Hf-Nd isotope time series of eolian dust are consistent with the results of modern dust except two samples that have extremely radiogenic Hf for their Nd (?_Hf=+8.6 and +10.3, ?_Nd=−9.5 and −9.8). These data may point to a source contribution of dust unresolved by Nd and Pb isotopes. The Hf IC of eolian dust input to the oceans may be more variable and more radiogenic than previously anticipated. The Hf signature of Pacific seawater, however, has varied little over the past 20 Myr, especially across the drastic increase of eolian dust flux from Asia around 3.5 Ma. Therefore, continental contributions to seawater Hf appear to be riverine rather than eolian. Current predictions regarding the relative proportions of source components to seawater Hf must account for the presence of a variable and radiogenic continental component. Data on the IC and flux of river-dissolved Hf to the oceans are urgently required to better estimate contributions to seawater Hf. This then would permit the use of Hf isotopes as a monitor of past changes in erosion.