云南临沧地区帮卖盆地含铀煤中锗矿的研究

帮卖盆地是一个不对称山间向斜盆地,其基底为海西·燕山期(γ~3_4-γ~2_5)花岗岩体。盖层为新第三纪的含煤碎屑岩。锗矿体大部分存在于N_1~2煤层中。含铀煤主要为变质程度低的褐煤,属于半暗-半亮煤、暗亮煤及亮暗煤。锗在煤中的存在形式:1.主要为腐植酸锗络合物及锗的有机化合物;2.一部分呈吸附状态;3.极少数呈类质同象。     

内蒙古胜利煤田锗矿床赋存规律及找矿方向

胜利煤田首次发现全国最大的锗矿床，其储量占全国30％以上，且赋存条件好，宜于大型露天开采。研究了其赋存规律，指明了今后找矿方向。     

贵州半边街锗锌矿床锗的富集特征及其地质意义

锗(Ge)属于战略性关键矿产资源, 是众多高新技术领域的重要原材料。Ge主要以共/伴生形式产出于Zn、Pb和Cu等热液贱金属矿床和煤矿床中, 目前全球Ge资源主要来源于铅锌矿的副产品。近期取得较大找矿突破的半边街锌矿床(7.70Mt矿石, Zn平均品位5.1%)伴生有超大型规模的金属Ge(>900t @110×10-6), 然而Ge超常富集的机制不清。本次研究利用LA-ICPMS对闪锌矿进行了微区原位微量元素组成和Mapping分析, 以揭示Ge等元素的富集特征、赋存状态和替代方式, 探讨Ge的富集机制。分析结果表明, 半边街矿床闪锌矿中高含量(平均值>100×10-6)微量元素有Fe、Pb、Ge和Cd等, 较高含量(平均值100×10-6~10×10-6)的有Mn、Ga、Sn和Tl, 以及较低含量(平均值< 10×10-6)的有Ag、Cu、In和Sb。相比于各类型铅锌矿床, 半边街闪锌矿Ge超常富集(274×10-6~1938×10-6, 平均为1055×10-6, 达到1000倍富集)。该矿床中Ge以类质同象或纳米颗粒形式赋存于闪锌矿中。微量元素摩尔量相关性图揭示Ge替代Zn的方式以Ge4++Pb2+↔3Zn2+为主, 其次为nGe4++Mn2+↔(2n+1)Zn2+和nGe4++2Tl3+↔(2n+3)Zn2+。综合分析认为, 半边街矿床Ge可能来源于相对富Ge的前寒纪基底; 富有机质的盆地流体在Ge的搬运中发挥重要作用; Ge、Cd等稀散元素的共生分异制约了Ge的最终超常富集。因此, 半边街矿床中Ge的超常富集是"源、运、聚"复杂过程多要素耦合作用的结果。     

Mosaic and gradient SiGe single crystals for gamma ray Laue lenses

Both Ge_1−x Si _x mosaic crystals and Si_1−x Ge _x crystals with gradient of composition could be grown using the modified Czochralski technique to produce the diffracting elements for the MAX gamma ray telescope. Although many elements cut from the mosaic crystal and used before for CLAIRE gamma ray telescope had an efficiency up to 20%, the overall efficiency of the lens was about 8.1 ± 0.7 %, which is more than twice lower than the theoretically predicted efficiency. Some causes of this behaviour are discussed. In addition to mosaic crystals, the growth of Si_1−x Ge _x crystals with a gradient of composition and their properties are analysed. Such composition-gradient crystals could be a promising way to improve the diffraction efficiency of Laue lens for MAX.     

The Ge/Si ratio as a tool to recognize biogenic silica in chert

Germanium and silicon, dissolved in seawater, are considered to be incorporated into biogenic opal with no or little fractionation, which permitted to use diatoms as reliable recorders of seawater Ge/Si. Does some fractionation occur during diagenesis, preventing the use of Ge/Si in ancient sediments? We examined the Ge/Si ratio of fossil sponges and flint nodules of the Cretaceous Chalk Formation of northern France. Though disputed, silica in this formation is considered to originate from sponges. No fractionation is observed between sponges and diagenetic flints, which allows us to observe whether Ge/Si bears a biogenic or detrital signature. We may thus confirm that sponges were the main silica supplier during the chalk deposition. The Ge/Si ratio may be used to identify a biogenic signature in cherts where the origin of silica is dubious.     

Quantifying the potential for recoverable resources of gallium,germanium and antimony as companion metals in Australia

Although critical to newly evolving and increasingly essential technologies, antimony (Sb), gallium (Ga), and germanium (Ge) are generally recovered as byproducts or ‘companion metals’ of other metal ores. The stage at which companion metals are extracted depends on metallurgical processes by which the host ore mineral is extracted and processed; many companion metals are recovered late during this processing. Therefore, the current and future supply of companion metals relies not only on production of major commodities, but also on the efficient recovery of these metals during processing that recovers the primary commodity.National geological surveys, particularly the USGS, publish annual estimates of global reserves for a variety of primary metals, but generally not for companion metals. This study provides estimates for the geogenic stocks (in waste rock piles, tailings, smelting, and refining) of Ga, Ge, and Sb as companion metals. These elements are mined in Australia but may be recovered outside of Australia, but their life cycles have not yet been well understood.Based on the methodology adapted, this paper estimates a minimum of 970–1230 kt of Ga, 30–10,000 kt of Ge and 70–1000 kt of Sb in current Australian lead-zinc-silver, gold, copper, iron ore, coal, bauxite, and bauxite residue (red mud) resources. The large range of estimated stocks stems from the variable range of ore grades reported by companies and the considerable uncertainty that exists among the grade estimates presented. However, these estimates are reflective of best practice in mineral resource estimation of Ga, Ge, and Sb, and provide a basis for determining similar recoverable resource estimates of other companion metals, such as indium, rhenium, and selenium, all of which are of increasing importance in modern-day life.     

Notes on the marginal enrichment of Germanium in coal beds

Germanium distribution in coal has long been a topic of interest. The enrichment of Ge near margins of coals, including the margins of partings within the coal, has been noted in many coals from numerous coalfields throughout the world. In this paper, a summary of literature on Ge geochemistry on the upper and lower margins of coal seams, with special emphasis on the literature of Russia, and the former Soviet Union, and Japan, is presented.     

Extensive deep-sea dispersal of postlarval shrimp from a hydrothermal vent

Hydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) are small (no more than 0.1-1.0 km²) and widely spaced (a reported average of one field per 175 km between 11°N and 40°N). Their faunas are similar and usually dominated by shrimp of the family Bresiliidae. Little is known about the way these animals (and other members of the vent fauna) disperse and colonize new vents. Vent shrimp juveniles have been taken close to certain vent sites, and in midwater, but their larvae and postlarvae have not been captured. We report here that bresiliid shrimp postlarvae are very widely dispersed around the Broken Spur vent field and extend into the next MAR segment and the Atlantis Fracture Zone beyond. The populations show density gradients declining both vertically and horizontally from the vent site, in contrast to the overall pelagic biomass. This is the furthest recorded dispersal (> 100 km) of identified larvae from a hydrothermal vent and is sufficient to give them access to adjacent vent fields and thus the scope for colonising new sites.     

两种培养温度下钝顶螺旋藻吸收累积锗的研究

于１９９５年１￣３月将钝顶螺旋藻培养在５￣１５ｍｇ／Ｌ锗浓度的培养基内,研究两种培养温度下藻细胞,蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物结合锗的量,探讨温度影响螺旋菏吸收累积锗的机理,结果表明,在两种培养温度下钝顶螺旋藻均可吸收累积一定量的猪（２２．４４－５２．１３μｇ／ｇ）并均匀地结合到蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物中,藻细胞结合锗的理在代温下随外加是浓度增加而增加,在高温下与外加是浓度关系不明显;两种培养温度２下     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定大米中的痕量锗

采用了不同的方法处理了经微波消解后的大米样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行测定。通过对各方法所得测量结果的比较,发现硫酸、氢氟酸和过氧化氢处理的样品所得结果与标准值最接近,且经多次测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10％。